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4. Fosberg, F.R. & M.-H. Sachet 1987. Noteworthy Micronesian Plants. 5. Micronesica. 20 (1 & 2): 131-156. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1987.
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Noteworthy Micronesian Plants. 5.

Fosberg, F.R. & M.-H. Sachet

Precursory taxonomic and nomenclatural notes to the check-list of Micronesian monocotyledons and to certain parts of the Flora of Micronesia, containing studies of Micronesian species of Crinum (Liliaceae: Amaryllidae)-Crinum asiaticum var. pedunculatum new combination; Dianella (Liliaceae)-Dianella saffordiana new species; Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae)-Dioscorea esculenta var. tiliaefolia new combination; Curcuma (Zingiberaceae); Didymoplexis (Orchidaceae); Liparis (Orchidaceae)-Liparis yamadae new combination; Habenaria (Orchidaceae)-Habenaria setifera new combination; Malaxis (Orchidaceae)-Malaxis calcarea, M. kerstingiana, M. trukensis, M. volkensii, new combinations; Nervilia (Orchidaceae); Spathoglottis (Orchidaceae); Rhynchophreatia (Orchidaceae)-Rhynchophreatia pacifica, R. carolinensis, new combinations; Taeniophyllum (Orchidaceae); and Trachoma (Orchidaceae). Preliminary keys to the Micronesian species of several of these genera are provided, and specimens are cited.
Micronesica 20 (1 & 2): 131-156, 1987.
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Fosberg & Sachet 1987
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noteworthymicronesia_fosbergsacheto.pdf (4.96 MB)
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4. Swanson, E.S 1969. Hepaticae from Palau, Caroline Islands, I. Phytogeography. Micronesica. 5 (1): 131-137. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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Hepaticae from Palau, Caroline Islands, I. Phytogeography

Swanson, E.S

The Palau Islands are strategically located between New Guinea and the Marianas and due east of Mindanao, about long. 134°E. lat. 7°N. Because of their location, they could have served as a steppingstone in the migration of a diverse flora into Micronesia and the Pacific islands. The following study was undertaken to determine probable origins and affinities of the liverworts. The study was possible because of extensive collections available from the Miami University Collegiate Rebel Expedition in 1960 and the Miami University NSF Expedition to Micronesia in 1965.
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Micronesica 5 (1): 131-137, 1969.
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Swanson 1969
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hepaticae_from_palau_caroline_islands_i.phytogeography_by_swanson_e.s._-_micronesica_vol._5_no.1_jul._1969_o.pdf (513.91 KB)
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4. Hunter-Anderson, R.L 2012. Running to stay in place: An adaptive escalation model for the latte period. Micronesica. 42(1/2): 148-182. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 April 2010.
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Running to stay in place: An adaptive escalation model for the latte period

Hunter-Anderson, R.L

Archaeological data from a large inland area in south-central Guam show that cultural adjustments, including technological and social adaptations, enabled the ancestral Chamorros of the Mariana Islands, Micronesia, to remain farmer-fishers despite environmental challenges associated with a major climatic oscillation, from the Medieval Warm Period (MWP, c. A.D. 800–1350) to the Little Ice Age (LIA, c. A.D. 1350–1900). People responded appropriately to the difficult conditions of the LIA, such as increased aridity, typhoons, and related harvest shortfalls, by “running faster” (building upon and adding to earlier practices). This “Red Queen Principle” is invoked as part of an adaptive escalation model for the latte period cultural system. Eventually the tolerance limits for stresses to the system were exceeded during prolonged and violent clashes with Spanish colonizers in the late 17th Century, as farming conditions continued to deteriorate. Tests of the model are suggested.
 
Micronesica 42(1/2): 148-182, 2012.
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Hunter-Anderson 2012
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4_smhunter-anderson-pp148-182.pdf (641.4 KB)
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4. Thaman, R.R Lantana camara: Its Introduction, Dispersal and Impact on Islands of the Tropical Pacific Ocean. Micronesica. 10 (1): 17-40. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1974.
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Lantana camara: Its Introduction, Dispersal and Impact on Islands of the Tropical Pacific Ocean

Thaman, R.R

There are numerous examples of either deliberate or accidental plant introductions into the characteristically delicate Pacific Island ecosystems. In many cases, these introductions have led to significant modification of the floras of the respective island groups. The purpose of this study is to use the case of one exotic plant species, Lantana camara, to show how its introduction, in conjunction with other modifications of the environment by man, has led to the alteration of the floras of many of the major island groups throughout the tropical Pacific Ocean. Lantana seems to have been introduced into the Pacific Islands as an ornamental in "European" gardens. Subsequent to its original introduction, it has escaped from cultivation and become naturalized on almost all of the major island groups in a relatively short period of time. Moreover, it is generally a dominant member of the secondary flora wherever it has become naturalized. In this paper an attempt has been made to determine: 1) when lantana was introduced into the different island groups; 2) its present distribution; 3) the factors which have led to this distribution; 4) the factors which have allowed it to become naturalized; and, 5) the impact it has had upon the vegetation of the different island groups.
Micronesica 10 (1): 17-40,
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Thaman 1974
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lantana_camara-_its_introduction_dispersal_and_impact_on_islands_of_the_tropical_pacific_ocean_by_thaman_r.r._-micronesica_vol._10_no._2_dec._1974_o.pdf (7.41 MB)
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4. Uchida, T 1967. Observations on the Monitor Lizard, Varanus indicus (Daudin) as a Rat Control Agent on Ifaluk, Western Caroline Islands. Micronesica. 3 (1): 17-18. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1967.
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Observations on the Monitor Lizard, Varanus indicus (Daudin) as a Rat Control Agent on Ifaluk, Western Caroline Islands

Uchida, T

Two kinds of rats, i.e., roof rat, Rattus rattus (L.) and Polynesian rat, Rattus exulans (Peale) have become widespread among the islands of the Central and South Pacific. Coconuts are being subjected to extremely heavy rat damage. Not only is there ensuing economic loss, but rat-gnawed coconuts are intensively utilized as larval habitats by mosquitos including vectors of Bancroftian filariasis and dengue. Effective integrated rat control procedures are therefore of pressing importance to the Pacific Islands in general. Such procedures would call for the joint use, against an adequate background of ecological knowledge, of chemical and biological control measures. The latter might well involve the use of predators, and in this connexion it has been report ed that Varanus indicus (Daudin), a large grey-green monitor lizard which has been introduced into certain Micronesian islands, is of local importance as a rat control agent.
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Micronesica 3 (1): 17-18, 1967.
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Uchida 1967
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observations_on_the_monitoor_lizard_vol.3_no._1_jul_1967o.pdf (785.11 KB)
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4. Wiebe, W.J 1976. Nitrogen Cycle on a Coral Reef. Micronesica. 12 (1): 23-26. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1976.
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Nitrogen Cycle on a Coral Reef

Wiebe, W.J

While coral reefs are characterized by high rates of biological productivity, it has long been a puzzle to biologists as to how this is accomplished. Most reefs exist in oceanic deserts where phytoplankton production is extremely low. In nutrient poor waters of the tropical Pacific Ocean, nitrogen is believed to be the most limiting element (Thomas and Owen, 1971). Starting in 1971 on the Symbios expedition (Johannes et al., 1972), a group of scientists examined the nitrogen flux of a windward reef at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. In this paper I wish to review these findings.
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Micronesica 12 (1): 23-26, 1976.
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Wiebe 1976
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nitrogen_cycle_on_a_coral_reef_by_wiebe_w.j._-micronesica_vol.12_no.1._jun._1976_o.pdf (274.31 KB)
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4. Kay, E.A., G.J. Vermeij & L.G. Eldredge 1983. Molluscs of the Northern Mariana Islands, with special reference to the selectivity of oceanic dispersal barriers. Micronesica. 19 (1-2): 27-55. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1983.
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Molluscs of the Northern Mariana Islands, with special reference to the selectivity of oceanic dispersal barriers

Kay, E.A., G.J. Vermeij & L.G. Eldredge

The shelled molluscan fauna of the Northern Marianas, a chain of volcanic islands in the tropical western Pacific, consists of at least 300 species. Of these, 18 are unknown from or are very rare in the biologically better known southern Marianas. These northern-restricted species are over-represented among limpets and in the middle to high intertidal zones of the northern Marianas. At least 22 gastropods which are common in the intertidal zone and on reef flats of the southern Marianas are absent in the northern Marianas.

The northern Marianas lie within the presumed source area of the planktonically derived part of the Hawaiian marine fauna. The ocean barrier between the northern Marianas and the Hawaiian chain appears to select against archaeogastropods and against intertidal species but is unselective with respect to adult size and to other aspects of gastropod shell architecture. These findings are consistent with those for other dispersal barriers.
Micronesica 19 (1-2): 27-55, 1983.
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molluscs_of_the_northern_marian_islands_with_special_reference_to_the_selectivity_of_oceanic_dispersal_barriers_micronesica_vol._19_no._1-2_dec._1983-5.pdf (15.83 MB)
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4. Daily, F.K., W.A. Daily, R.W. Hoshaw, & M. Schefter 1990. Periphyton, Excluding Diatoms and Desmids, from Yap, Caroline Islands. Micronesica. 23 (1): 27-40. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1990.
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Periphyton, Excluding Diatoms and Desmids, from Yap, Caroline Islands

Daily, F.K., W.A. Daily, R.W. Hoshaw, & M. Schefter

Freshwater habitats of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia, are described, including first algal records. Periphyton and other visible algae were collected chiefly from streams and ponds. Streams were well shaded and lacked algae except in clearings; dominant algae were Schizothrix calcicola and Microcoleus spp. (Cyanophyta) and Cladophora sp. (Chlorophyta). Open ponds were dominated by blue-green algal mats, but some also had abundant Nitella and desmids. Desmids and diatoms were numerous and will be treated in other papers. The species list is short: 12 blue-green algae, 2 red algae, 2 charophytes, 7 filamentous greens, and 5 flagellates. All are new records for Yap and many for Micronesia. No endemic species were found. The freshwater algal flora of the Yap Islands does not show characteristics of the biota of "oceanic" islands.
Micronesica 23 (1): 27-40, 1990.
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Daily, Hoshaw, & Schefter 1990
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4-_periphyton2c20excluding20diatoms20and20desmids2c20from20yap2c20caroline20islands20micronesica20vol.202320no.20120june201990.pdf (502.15 KB)
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4. Kinzie III, R. A 1997. Evolution and Life History Patterns in Freshwater Gobies. Micronesica. 30(1): 27-40. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1997.
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Evolution and Life History Patterns in Freshwater Gobies

Kinzie III, R. A

Gobioid fishes have invaded freshwater systems from the tropics to warm temperate regions. This move has brought about many changes in the biology of the fishes that have made the transition. However, the basic reproductive biology of most freshwater gobioids appears to be similar to that seen in near-shore marine species. Many freshwater gobioids retain a link to the sea through their amphidromous life cycle, but several genera have produced landlocked forms with no diadromy. Egg size, and the inversely related fecundity, change markedly when landlocking results in the production of non-planktonic young. Where it has been determined, the planktonic phase in the amphidromous species is quite long relative to typical shallow water marine gobies and is particularly long in the genus Awaous, which has other atypical features in its reproductive biology. Patterns of endemism in freshwater gobioids may be explained only in part by the length of planktonic larval life.
Micronesica 30(1): 27-40, 1997.
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Kinzie1997
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4_-_kinzieocr.pdf (785.93 KB)
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4. Vice, D.S. & D.L. Vice 2004. Prey items of migratory peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Eurasian kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) on Guam. Micronesica. 37(1): 33-36. Date Revised/Accepted: 02 February 2003.
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Prey items of migratory peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Eurasian kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) on Guam.

Vice, D.S. & D.L. Vice

N/A - Research Note
Micronesica 37(1): 33-36, 2004.
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Vice & Vice 2004
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33-36_vice_371.pdf (172.2 KB)
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4. Benbow, M.E., A.J. Burky & C.M. Way 2001. Hawaiian Freshwater Polychaeta: a Potentially Substantial Trophic Component of Stream Depositional Habitats. Micronesica. 34(1): 35-46.
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Hawaiian Freshwater Polychaeta: a Potentially Substantial Trophic Component of Stream Depositional Habitats

Benbow, M.E., A.J. Burky & C.M. Way

In this paper we report the widespread occurrence of large annelids (Polychaeta: Nereididae) in Hawaiian stream depositional habitats, drawing attention to the lack of knowledge of Hawaiian stream energetics.  Specimens of Namalycastis sp. were collected from five Hawaiian Islands from May–July 1995 and from the island of Maui from July–December 1999 and April–July 2000.  Most specimens collected were N. hawaiiensis, while two specimens of N. abiuma were collected from a single site on the island of Molokai.  Specimens were collected from elevations ranging from 3–240 m; several collections were from sites above at least one major (> 15 m high) waterfall.  Habitats were characterized by slow-moving or stagnant water, water temperatures ranging from < 18–29 C, mixed gravel and sand substrates with organic detritus.  Specimens were found among roots of vegetation along stream edges, in small lava pockets, buried in loose gravel, and in depressions between, under, and inside porous rocks.  Body lengths of preserved specimens ranged from ~ 9 to 150 mm among islands and streams between years and seasons.  Polychaetes were usually abundant in these habitats indicating a nearly ubiquitous distribution of Namalycastis, and suggesting ecological importance for stream benthic trophic dynamics throughout the Hawaiian archipelago.
Micronesica 34(1): 35-46, 2001.
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Benbow et al 2001
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4_benbow_et_al.pdf (124.11 KB)
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4. Mason, L 1972. Comments on Political Future of Micronesia. Micronesica. 8 (1 & 2): 37-40. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1972.
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Comments on Political Future of Micronesia

Mason, L

The problem to which these remarks are addressed is the manner in which village Micronesians are, or are not, participating in the dialogue at higher levels regarding their future political status. By "village Micronesian" I mean the many who are living in small communities and hamlets on the main islands and in the outlying atolls, as distinguished from the relatively few who crowd together in the district centers of the Trust Territory. These who comprise the "many" are significantly different from the "few" in the weight of tradition manifested in their style of living, in the limited exposure to Western society and custom, in the relatively little impact of economic development programs, and in the restricted opportunity available even today for expanding their horizons beyond atoll and island boundaries.
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Micronesica 8 (1 & 2): 37-40, 1972.
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Mason 1972
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comments_on_political_future_in_micronesia_mason_l._-micronesica_vol._8_no._1-2_dec._1972_o.pdf (244.85 KB)
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4. Hamner, W.M. & D.F. Dunn 1980. Tropical Corallimorpharia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa): Feeding by Envelopment. Micronesica. 16 (1): 37-42. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1980.
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Tropical Corallimorpharia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa): Feeding by Envelopment

Hamner, W.M. & D.F. Dunn

Three species of tropical Australian corallimorpharians (family Actinodiscidae) lacking ectodermal nematocysts in their discal tentacles feed by entrapping prey with their oral discs. The largest species can close in three seconds, engulf four liters of water, and capture shrimps and fishes. It has captured anemonefishes in aquaria.
Micronesica 16 (1): 37-42, 1980.
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Hamner & Dunn 1980
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tropical_corallimorpharia_coelenterata_anthozoa_feedin_by_envelopment_micronesica_vol._16_no._1_june_1980o.pdf (5.41 MB)
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4. Falanruw, M.V.C 1988. On the Status, Reproductive Biology and Management of Fruit Bats of Yap. Micronesica. 21 (1 & 2): 39-52. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1988.
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On the Status, Reproductive Biology and Management of Fruit Bats of Yap

Falanruw, M.V.C

Traditional exploitation of fruit bats of Yap is limited, however commercial exploitation greatly reduced populations until they were protected indefinitely. There will be continued need to manage this resource. This paper is based on field work conducted while Yap's bats were intensively hunted. Data from field work is augmented with information from literature on other Pteropus to provide an overall picture of the life history of fruit bats for use by Micronesian resource managers.

The original data collected on Yap bats suggests that the populations of fruit bats on Yap islands and Ulithi atoll form two subspecies of Pteropus mariannus. In contrast to reports of seasonal breeding among other Pteropus over the past 51 years, Pteropus mariannus yapensis, reproduced throughout the time of this study. The reproductive ecology of Yap's bats and the importance of suitable habitat is also discussed.
Micronesica 21 (1 & 2): 39-52, 1988.
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Falanruw 1988
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onthestatusfalanruwo.pdf (7.26 MB)
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4. Henrickson, P.R 1968. Two Forms of Primitive Art in Micronesia. Micronesica. 4 (1): 39-48. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1968.
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Two Forms of Primitive Art in Micronesia

Henrickson, P.R

These drawings are relatively unknown and infrequently visited. One reason for this is related to superstitions surrounding "Taotao Mona". It is maintained by Guamanians now in their twenties that with them the controlling belief in "Taotao Mona" (beings inhabiting certain quarters who render retribution on those failing to ask their pardon for trespassing) is no longer operative. This may be so, but only in few cases has the lack of fear overcome the tabu and encouraged a lively curiosity about certain areas.
(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)
Micronesica 4 (1): 39-48, 1968.
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Henrickson 1968
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henrickson_p.r.-two_forms_of_primitive_art_in_micronesia-micronesica_vol._4_no._1_june_1968_o.pdf (3.94 MB)
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4. Golabi, M.H., G.R.W. Denton, H.R. Wood, Y. Wen & C. Iyekar 2006. Impact of Ordot Dump on water quality of Lonfit River Basin in central Guam. 1. Soil characterization of nutrient retention. Micronesica. 39(1): 41-54. Date Revised/Accepted: 31 January 2006.
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Impact of Ordot Dump on water quality of Lonfit River Basin in central Guam. 1. Soil characterization of nutrient retention

Golabi, M.H., G.R.W. Denton, H.R. Wood, Y. Wen & C. Iyekar

In 2001 surface (runoff) leachate samples emanating from Ordot Dump near the village of Ordot in central Guam were scanned for priority pollutants currently listed under the Clean Water Act. Surface and subsurface flows downgradient of the dump were periodically sampled and analyzed for nutrients and heavy metals. The subsurface samples were collected by lysimeter at 0.7–2.0 meter depths. A time-series analysis of aqueous and soil samples with emphasis on solute transport through the soil was made in this part of the study. In a separate analysis, emphasis was made on the aqueous system with special attention to possible pathogenic contaminants from the study site. The results of this investigation show that the surface leachate streams from the Ordot Dump transport substantial quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus and essential trace elements to the middle reach of the Lonfit River before they get diluted further down the stream. However, the possibility that the surface leachates will contaminate the ground water and springs oozing out of the dump is extremely small due to filtering effect of the soils surrounding the Ordot dump. As the result of kaolinitic nature of these soils and due to the fact that chemical properties of these soils are consistent with variable charge soils in which their positively charged clay particles retain contaminants such as nitrate and phosphate the potential for groundwater contamination from these ions is small. On the other hand, considerable amount of nitrate and phosphate enter the head streams adjacent to the dump as the result of leachate runoff but their concentrations are reduced due to the dilution processes further away from the dump. However, heavy metals could have a significantly negative impact on plant growth and well-being of living organisms down gradient from the dump and warrant further investigation.
 
Micronesica 39(1): 41-54, 2006.
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Golabi et al 2006
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4_golabi-etal.pdf (150.64 KB)
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4. Drahos, N 1977. Additions to the Avifauna of Guam. Micronesica. 13 (1): 45-48. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1977.
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​Additions to the Avifauna of Guam

Drahos, N

While some of the following 10 bird species have been recorded on other Micronesian islands (Seale, 1901; Baker, 1951; Jouanin, 1956), they have never been recorded on Guam.
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Micronesica 13 (1): 45-48, 1977.
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Drahos 1977
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additions_to_the_avifauna_of_guam_by_drahos_n._-_micronesica_vol._13_no._1_june_1977_o.pdf (596.62 KB)
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4. Stone, B.C 1965. Further Additions to the Flora of Guam. Micronesica. 2 (1): 46-50. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1965.
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Further Additions to the Flora of Guam

Stone, B.C

Since the publication of "Additions to the Flora of Guam" in the first volume of this journal (Micronesica 1: 131-135. 1964) further explorations have revealed the presence in Guam of several interesting species of phanerograms, which are here recorded. The general conclusion may be drawn that in due course almost all species previously known only from Rota or from Saipan, or both, will be found in Guam, although there may be a few exceptions . To date several supposed Rota or Saipan " endemic" species have now been confirmed in Guam also, notably Psychotria rotensis Kaneh., and the species reported below . On the other hand, there will probably be a number of species known from Guam which will not be found in the northern limestone Marianas islands. One exception may be the small native Leucaena in Guam, which has not yet been recorded in the other Marianas, but because of its preference for limestone beach areas may occur north of Guam . The islands north of Saipan, predominantly younger volcanic peaks, will probably continue to figure as the habitat of a few endemics or at least of species not found to the south whether in Guam or in the Saipan-Rota-Tinian-Agiguan region. Also to date the root parasite Balanophora mariannae Hosokawa, described from Sarigan (Type), and recorded from Alamagan and Saipan (and recently collected in Saipan by Fosberg and by Stone), has not been found in Guam, although it has been found in Truk (Stone no. 5353, GUAM). In Guam there is found Balanophora pentamera van Tieghem, a very different species in appearance, red instead of yellow in color.
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Micronesica 2 (1): 46-50, 1965.
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Stone 1965
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further_additions_to_the_flora_of_guam_by_stone_b.c._-_micronesica_vol._2_no._1_june_1965o.pdf (1.21 MB)
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4. Stone, B.C 1981. East Polynesian Species of Freycinetia Gaudichaud (Pandanaceae). Micronesica. 17 (1 & 2): 47-58. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1981.
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East Polynesian Species of Freycinetia Gaudichaud (Pandanaceae)

Stone, B.C

Three species of Freycinetia (F. arborea, F. impavida, and F. baueriana) are found in Eastern Polynesia, defined as the Hawaiian, Marquesan, Society, Cook, Austral, and Tubuai Archipelagoes, and New Zealand. These have been known under various names, which are cited in synonymy. The species F. baueriana exists as two subspecies, one in Norfolk Island, one in new Zealand. Key to species, full literature citations, typification, and nomenclature are presented.
Micronesica 17 (1 & 2): 47-58, 1981.
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Stone 1981
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east_polynesian_species_of_freycinetia_gaudichaud_pandannceae-micronesica_vol._17_nos._1-2_dec._1981o.pdf (3.66 MB)
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4. N'Yeurt, A.D.R., G.R. South, & D.W. Keats 1996. A Revised Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Fiji Islands, South Pacific (Including the Island of Rotuma). Micronesica. 29 (1): 49-98. Date Revised/Accepted: 31 October 1995.
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A Revised Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Fiji Islands, South Pacific (Including the Island of Rotuma)

N'Yeurt, A.D.R., G.R. South, & D.W. Keats

A revised checklist of 422 taxa of benthic marine algae is provided for the Fiji Islands, South Pacific, including the island of Rotuma. The list comprises 39 Cyanophyceae, 113 Chlorophyceae, 42 Phaeophyceae and 228 Rhodophyceae. Included are all previously published records and some yet unpublished additions, with the systematic arrangement and nomenclature brought up to date. A preliminary revision of the crustose coralline algae known from Fiji is included. The flora still remains relatively poorly known, and many areas have yet to be phycologically studied, such as much of the Lau Group, and most of Vanua Levu.
Micronesica 29 (1): 49-98, 1996.
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N'Yeurt, South, & Keats 1996
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nyeurtocr.pdf (1.55 MB)
1.55 MB
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4. Lobban, C.S. & R.T. Tsuda 2003. Revised checklist of benthic marine macroalgae and seagrasses of Guam and Micronesia. Micronesica. 35-36: 54-99.
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Revised checklist of benthic marine macroalgae and seagrasses of Guam and Micronesia

Lobban, C.S. & R.T. Tsuda

We have compiled the new records and nomenclatural changes since Tsuda & Wray’s 1977 checklist and Tsuda’s 1981a addendum. There are now 653 species of benthic marine algae reported from Micronesia: 85 species of Cyanophyta, 324 Rhodophyta, 58 Heterokontophyta (including 54 Phaeophyceae), and 186 Chlorophyta. We document here 40 new records for Guam. The total for Guam is now 237 species: 26 Cyanophyta, 109 Rhodophyta, 31 Heterokontophyta (including 27 Phaeophyceae), and 71 Chlorophyta. We have included 3 Pelagophyceae and 1 Bacillariophyceae (diatom) that form macroscopic colonies, as well as the 10 species of seagrasses (Magnoliophyta) that occur in the region.
Micronesica 35-36: 54-99, 2003.
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4. Hunt, Jr. E.E. & J.D. Mavalwala 1964. Finger Ridge Counts in the Micronesians of Yap. Micronesica. 1 (1 & 2): 55-58. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1964.
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Finger Ridge Counts in the Micronesians of Yap

Hunt, Jr. E.E. & J.D. Mavalwala

The present paper is a comparative and familial analysis of finger ridge counts of the right hand only. The data come from finger prints of a sample of Micronesian males from Yap, in the Western Caroline Islands. As shown previously, the palm and finger prints of the Yapese resemble most closely those of other Pacific islanders and mainlanders from Southeast Asia (Mavalwala and Hunt, 1964; Swindler, Mavalwala and Hunt, 1963). The dermatoglyphic affinities of the Yapese agree well with their position as deduced from anthropometry (Hunt, 1950a, 1950b). Within Yap itself, the population is divided into three largely endogamous castes which are slightly differentiated in size, physique, and dermatoglyphic features.
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Micronesica 1 (1 & 2): 55-58, 1964.
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hunt_and_mavalwala-finger_ridge_counts_in_the_micronesians_of_yapo.pdf (522.9 KB)
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4. Doty, M.S 1973. Farming the Red Seaweed, Eucheuma, for Carrageenans. Micronesica. 9 (1): 59-74. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1973.
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Farming the Red Seaweed, Eucheuma, for Carrageenans

Doty, M.S

The modern food industry requires 10 to 20 times more carrageenan than the wild seaweed crop provides. Part of this need is being met by the research and development reported here on the basic production ecology and agronomy of Eucheuma, a carrageenan-producing tropical seaweed. Other marine algae, such as Chondrus crispus, the "Irish moss" of temperate regions, produce variable mixtures of the different carrageenans. The genus, Eucheuma, can be divided (Table 1) into two groups of species producing, respectively, iota or kappa carrageenan.
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Micronesica 9 (1): 59-74, 1973.
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4. Olsen, A.R. & M. Eberdong 2009. Species Richness and Other Noteworthy Observations at an Important Bird Area in Palau. Micronesica. 41(1): 59-69. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 2008.
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Species Richness and Other Noteworthy Observations at an Important Bird Area in Palau

Olsen, A.R. & M. Eberdong

A one-year survey of the species richness of birds at a study site in an Important Bird Area (IBA) in Ngaremlengui, Palau, found 38 species of birds including 30 resident species and 8 migratory species. Eight of the 30 resident species are not previously reported from the IBA. The survey results represent a comparatively rich and noteworthy diversity for a locality on Babeldaob Island in Palau. Field observations describe nesting and feeding behaviors as well as local range extensions including the first record of the endemic Giant White-eye (Megazosterops palauensis) on Babeldaob Island.
Micronesica 41(1): 59-69, 2009.
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4. Manner, H 2008. Directions for long-term research in traditional agricultural systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands. Micronesica. 40(1/2): 63-86. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 December 2007.
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Directions for long-term research in traditional agricultural systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands

Manner, H

Following a review of the major systems of traditional agriculture, this paper briefly considers the role of traditional agriculture in environmental modification, and the related concepts of sustain- ability, agricultural intensification, carrying capacity, biodiversity and agricultural disintensification (abandonment). Research interest in traditional agricultural systems of the Pacific Islands has waned considerably since the 1960s and there are few current studies of these systems in Micronesia. Both species and cultivar diversity of the traditional agricultural systems of the region are high and may contribute significantly to their sustainability. However, there is little ongoing research on the role of biodiversity in these traditional systems. Some reasons for the apparent lack of research in the ecology of traditional agricultural systems are presented. The Pacific-Asia Biodiversity Transect (PABITRA) network emphasizes investigation of the function of biodiversity and the health of ecosystems in the tropical Pacific Islands. Accordingly, PABITRA’s focus should be on long-term monitoring of traditional agricultural systems in order to define their structural and functional characteristics and the relationship between diversity and sustainability. Given the rapid rate of modernization, the documentation of traditional agricultural knowledge and resources is imperative as this knowledge is rapidly being lost.
Micronesica 40(1/2): 63-86, 2008.
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4. Nafus, D. & I. Schreiner 1989. Biological Control Activities in the Mariana Islands from 1911 to 1988. Micronesica. 22 (1): 65-106. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 August 1989.
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Biological Control Activities in the Mariana Islands from 1911 to 1988.

Nafus, D. & I. Schreiner

Biological control started in the Marianas in 1911. Biocontrol agents have been introduced to control herbivorous insects, weeds, dung, molluscs, livestock pests, mosquitoes, and household pests. In all, 104 species of insects, two predatory mites, three snails, one nematode, and four vertebrates have been intentionally introduced to Guam for the purposes of controlling 41 pest species. Of the insect species, 34 established, 48 did not establish, 5 established temporarily, and the status of the rest is not known. Additional introductions were made to other islands in the Marianas. Among the pests most successfully controlled by biological agents were Achatina fulica, Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aspidiotus destructor, Brontispa mariana, B. palauensis, Epilachna vigintisexpunctata philippinensis, Nipaecoccus viridis, Erionota thrax, Penicillaria jocosatrix, and Spodoptera litura. Two weeds, Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata have been successfully controlled by herbivorous insects. Most attempts at biological control in the Marianas have been transfers of species successfully introduced elsewhere. Most species introduced from temperate climatic zones failed to establish. Species which established on Hawaii, frequently established on Guam as well. Reasons for failure to establish are varied. Against Homopteran pests, 58% of the introduced natural enemies established. The establishment rate against Lepidoptera and Diptera was low.
Micronesica 22 (1): 65-106, 1989.
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4-biological20control20activities20in20the20marianas20islands20from20191120to20198820micronesica20vol.202220no.20120aug.2c201989.pdf (996.28 KB)
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4. Clark, G. & D. Wright 2005. On The Periphery? Archaeological Investigations At Ngelong, Angaur Island, Palau. Micronesica. 38(1): 67-91. Date Revised/Accepted: 07 January 2005.
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On The Periphery? Archaeological Investigations At Ngelong, Angaur Island, Palau

Clark, G. & D. Wright

Ngelong is an extensive late-prehistoric site situated within the rugged limestone terrain of Angaur Island. Earlier research documented extensive midden and artefact deposits, but only a few stone structures. Recent archaeological work has confirmed the relative absence of built stone features, and obtained new data—including radiocarbon dates and X-Ray Fluorescence results—to evaluate the Ngelong occupation. These indicate the site dates to 450–250 cal. B.P., and overlaps in time with Rock Island villages containing abundant stone work. Compared to several other prehistoric sites in southern Palau, Ngelong is atypical, and appears to represent community occupation of a peripheral socio-economic landscape as a result of warfare, a possibility also found in traditional accounts. While constructed defences indicate the existence of inter-group hostility in the past, it is suggested the outcome of warfare resulted in significant differences between late-prehistoric Palauan communities, which can be identified in the archaeological settlement record.
Micronesica 38(1): 67-91, 2005.
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4. Steadman, D.W 1992. Extinct and Extirpated Birds from Rota, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 25 (1): 71-84. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1992.
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Extinct and Extirpated Birds from Rota, Mariana Islands

Steadman, D.W

Twenty-one species of birds were recovered from preliminary excavations in 1990 at a late Holocene bone deposit in Payapai Cave, Rota, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Twelve of these species are extinct or extirpated on Rota. Three of these (Audubon's Shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri; Micronesian Megapode, Megapodius laperouse; Island Swiftlet, Collocalia vanikorensis) are known from Rota in the 19th or 20th century. Two others (White-browed Crake, Poliolimnas cinereus; Guam flycatcher, Myiagra cf. freycineti) are previously unknown on Rota but have been recorded on Guam. Three species (Blue-gray Noddy, Procelsterna cerulea; swamphen?, Porphyrio? sp.; Micronesian Pigeon, Ducula oceanica) have not been recorded previously from the Mariana Islands but still occur elsewhere in Micronesia. Four species are extinct and undescribed (a small, perhaps flightless duck, Anatidae new sp.; giant ground-dove, Gallicolumba new sp.; large parrot, Psittacidae new sp.; large parrotfinch, Erythrura new sp.). An unnamed cave on Rota yielded a single bone of the Common Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus, also extirpated on Rota. Although more bones are needed to refine certain identifications and describe new species, the preliminary results from Rota indicate that great losses of birds occurred in the Mariana Islands during the past few millennia. Probably the same is true throughout Micronesia, where the prehistoric record of birds, confined thus far to Rota, is much more limited than in Polynesia.
Micronesica 25 (1): 71-84, 1992.
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Steadman 1992
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4. Clark, P., J.H. Underwood, & P. Jones 1975. Serum Proteins in People of the Yap Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 71-76. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Serum Proteins in People of the Yap Islands

Clark, P., J.H. Underwood, & P. Jones

Serum protein patterns were studied in 186 female and 147 male adults from the Yap Islands. Total proteins were determined by the Biuret Test and relative amounts of different serum proteins were obtained by scanning electrophoretic patterns. Immunoglobulins A, G, and M were determined in 63 randomly selected samples from this group and Immunoglobulin E from 28 randomly selected samples.

In company with other indigenous populations of the tropical regions of the Pacific, there is an increased mean gamma globulin and decreased albumin in comparison with values from Australian caucasians. A moderately elevated Immunoglobulin G and a marked Immunoglobulin E value was observed in sera from Yap Islands people. The possible reasons for these results are briefly discussed.
Micronesica 11 (1): 71-76, 1975.
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4. Rinehart, A.F. & F.R. Fosberg 1991. Nervilia jacksoniae nov. sp., a new species of orchidaceae from Guam and Rota. Micronesica. 24 (1): 81-85. Date Revised/Accepted: 06 January 1991.
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​Nervilia jacksoniae nov. sp., a new species of orchidaceae from Guam and Rota

Rinehart, A.F. & F.R. Fosberg

A new species of Orchidaceae, Nervilia jacksoniae from the Mariana Islands of Rota and Guam is described. The plant is small, seasonal, characterized by a reniform, hirtellous leaf and a uniflorous inflorescence with a deeply folded, fimbriate lip.
Micronesica 24 (1): 81-85, 1991.
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