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2. Brislin, R.W. & W.S. Wilson 1971. Perception of Similarities and Differences Among Ethnic Groups at the University of Guam. Micronesica. 7(1/2): 19-26. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1971.
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Perception of Similarities and Differences Among Ethnic Groups at the University of Guam

Brislin, R.W. & W.S. Wilson

No abstract provided.
Micronesica 7(1/2): 19-26, 1971.
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Brislin & Wison 1971
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Brislin&Wilson1971.pdf (375.57 KB)
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2. Yang, J. & D. Lee 2009. Lemon, pH and Citric Acid for Kelaguen Safety Without Temperature Control. Micronesica. 41(1): 19-31. Date Revised/Accepted: 30 May 2008.
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Lemon, pH and Citric Acid for Kelaguen Safety Without Temperature Control

Yang, J. & D. Lee

Kelaguen is a popular Chamorro food prepared by mixing meat with lemon, onions, hot peppers, and grated coconut. Unfortunately, kelaguen is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness on Guam because of improper handling practices, especially the practice of serving kelaguen without temperature control over a long period of time. This study determined the pH and acidity as well as the minimum amount of lemon juice and powder needed for kelaguen to be served safely without time and temperature control. A food not requiring temperature control for safety (non-TCS food) requires a pH below 4.2, as defined by the FDA/USDA. Seventeen kelaguen sampled from vendors and individuals on Guam exhibited an average pH of 4.5 for beef, 4.7 for chicken, 4.8 for fish, and 4.9 for shrimp. The estimated pH(s) of kelaguen from 26 recipes were 5.1 for beef, 5.4 for chicken, 4.8 for fish, and 5.8 for shrimp. The pH analysis of kelaguen confirmed that traditional kelaguen was a food requiring temperature control for safety. To prepare non-TCS kelaguen with a pH below 4.2, the minimum amount of lemon juice needed was 19% for beef, 22% for chicken, 21% for fish, and 25% for shrimp. The minimum amount of lemon powder needed for non-TCS kelaguen was 3.2% for beef, 3.0% for chicken, 3.4% for fish, and 3.6% for shrimp. We classified traditional kelaguen as low acid kelaguen when 0-15% lemon was added, and high acid kelaguen when 16-25% lemon was added. The high rate of foodborne illness on Guam may be attributed to low acid kelaguen because low acid kelaguen has a pH above 4.6. To enable consumers to prepare non-TCS kelaguen, which can be safely stored and/or served at parties or fiestas without temperature control, we provide practical recommendations on the minimum required amount of lemon, based on cups of lemon juice, teaspoons of lemon powder, and pounds or cups of kelaguen.
 
Micronesica 41(1): 19-31, 2009.
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Yang & Lee 2009
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2_yang_kelaguen_19-31.pdf (781.46 KB)
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2. Itono, H. & R.T. Tsuda 1980. New Algal Genera and Species Records from Micronesia: Chamaedoris orientalis (Chlorophyta) and Rhodopeltis gracilis (Rhodophyta). Micronesica. 16 (1): 21-28. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1980.
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New Algal Genera and Species Records from Micronesia: Chamaedoris orientalis (Chlorophyta) and Rhodopeltis gracilis (Rhodophyta)

Itono, H. & R.T. Tsuda

Chamaedoris orientalis Okamura and Higashi (Siphonocladaceae, Chlorophyta) and Rhodopeltis gracilis Yamada and Tanaka (Polyideaceae , Rhodophyta) are reported from Guam and represent new generic records in Micronesia.
Micronesica 16 (1): 21-28, 1980.
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Itono & Tsuda 1980
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new_algal_genera_species_records_from_micronesia_chamaedoris_orientalis_chlorophyta_and_rhodopeltis_gracilis_rhodophyta_micronesica_vol._16_no._1_june_1980o.pdf (9.06 MB)
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2. Buden, D.W 1996. Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals of Ant Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands. Micronesica. 29 (1): 21-36. Date Revised/Accepted: 11 December 1995.
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Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals of Ant Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands

Buden, D.W

Thirteen species of reptiles, 25 birds, and seven mammals are recorded from Ant Atoll, five of the reptiles, nine birds, and two mammals for the first time. None is endemic to the atoll. All occur on Pohnpei, the nearest high island, and most are widely distributed in Oceania. Established introductions include the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) and at least four mammals (Rattus rattus, R. exulans, Felis catus, Sus scrofa). The Micronesian Starling (Aplonis opaca) is the most numerous land bird, followed closely by the Micronesian Honeyeater (Myzomela rubratra). Wolouna Island is an important seabird nesting area, hosting about 6,000 pairs of Black Noddies (Anous minutus) and smaller numbers of at least five other species. Subsistance hunting may have minimal impact on these seabird populations, but an increasing number of recreational visitors and exploitive hunters may present a future threat to populations.
Micronesica 29 (1): 21-36, 1996.
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Buden 1996
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budenocr.pdf (848.75 KB)
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2. Bruce, A.J 1988. Periclimenes tonga sp. nov., a commensal shrimp associated with a scyphozoan host from Tonga (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae). Micronesica. 21 (1 & 2): 23-32. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1988.
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Periclimenes tonga sp. nov., a commensal shrimp associated with a scyphozoan host from Tonga (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae)

Bruce, A.J

A new species of commensal palaemonid shrimp, Periclimenes tonga sp. nov., from Tonga, is described and illustrated. The species is of particular interest as it was associated with a scyphozoan host. It is most closely related to P. granulimanus Bruce and may be readily distinguished from that species by the absence of an epigastric spine, less dissimilar second pereiopods with feebler tuberculation of the major chela, and the non-prehensile ambulatory pereiopods.
Micronesica 21 (1 & 2): 23-32, 1988.
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Bruce 1988
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periclimenesbruceo.pdf (4.48 MB)
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2. Rodda, G.H. & T.H. Fritts 1992. Sampling techniques for an arboreal snake, Boiga irregularis. Micronesica. 25 (1): 23-40. Date Revised/Accepted: 12 November 1991.
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Sampling techniques for an arboreal snake, Boiga irregularis

Rodda, G.H. & T.H. Fritts

We evaluated four techniques for estimating densities of the Brown Tree Snake, Boiga irregularis, which is nocturnal and difficult to detect in natural habitats: snake traps, time-constrained visual censuses, distance-constrained visual censuses, and mark-recapture programs. Snake traps are best suited to small areas(<5 ha) and can be maintained by individuals without special skills; but they are labor intensive and have an extremely high sampling coefficient of variability (65-200%). Furthermore, traps do not lend themselves to either relative or absolute density comparisons between sites. Both types of visual censuses provide estimates of relative abundance only, have a high coefficient of variability (40-90%), and are sensitive to differences in snake behavior among sites, uncontrolled variability in environmental conditions, observer skill, and habitat differences. A 95% confidence of detecting a 25% difference between the mean values of two sites requires about 100-200 visual censuses for each site. Mark-recapture provides absolute population estimates, but the method can only be applied to snake populations with a high density (>20/ha). Mark-recapture requires an intensive commitment to capturing many snakes in a short time and a high density trail network or other access to all parts of a study area.
Micronesica 25 (1): 23-40, 1992.
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Rodda & Fritts 1992
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article2o.pdf (955.81 KB)
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2. Fosberg, F.R., M.-H. Sachet, & R. Oliver 1982. Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. Micronesica. 18 (1): 23-82. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1982.
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Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae

Fosberg, F.R., M.-H. Sachet, & R. Oliver

All species of pteridophytes and gymnosperms known from Micronesia are listed along with their known distribution in Micronesia by islands. Basionyms, synonyms and misapplied names that have been used in print for Micronesian plants of these groups are also listed and cross-referenced. All 207 species and varieties of pteridophytes are listed, of which 198 are considered indigenous, 9 exotic. Of the indigenous ones, 31 are considered endemic to Micronesia. 26 of them are known only from the Caroline Islands, 3 from the Marianas, and 2 from both groups. There are no endemics in the Marshall and Gilbert groups or in the several isolated islands. A total of 167 species are also found outside Micronesia, mostly widespread, a few pantropical, many Indo-Pacific or Malesian-Pacitic, a few Polynesian or Melanesian. These distributions are, of course, very tentative. Thirteen names are listed but not included in the above figures as they represent records that we regard as in error or very doubtful. A number of plants which have been reported but not identified are merely listed as " sp." but not included in the above figures. The richest fern floras are those of Ponape and Palau. The relationships are mainly lndo-Pacific, especially with the Philippines, Malay Archipelago, and New Guinea. Of gymnosperms, there are only 1 indigenous, widespread species, Cycas circinalis (s.l.) and 18 planted exotics.
Micronesica 18 (1): 23-82, 1982.
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Fosberg, Sachet, & Oliver 1982
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geographicalchecklist_of_the_micronesianfull.pdf (6.1 MB)
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2. Fancy, S.G., R.J. Craig & C.W. Kessler 1999. Forest Bird and Fruit Bat Populations on Sarigan, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31(2): 247-254. Date Revised/Accepted: 05 November 1997.
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Forest Bird and Fruit Bat Populations on Sarigan, Mariana Islands

Fancy, S.G., R.J. Craig & C.W. Kessler

We conducted the first quantitative surveys of forest bird and bat populations on the uninhabited island of Sarigan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Severe habitat degradation has occurred on Sarigan because of overgrazing by introduced goats and pigs. Planting of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) for copra production has also eliminated much of the island’s native forest. We recorded five species of forest birds on Sarigan: Micronesian Honeyeater (Myzomela rubratra), Micronesian Megapode (Megapodius laperouse laperouse), Micronesian Starling (Aplonis opaca), Collared Kingfisher (Halcyon chloris), and White-throated Ground Dove (Gallicolumba xanthonura). Estimated population sizes (95% confidence interval) in 1997 were 1,821 (1,617–2,026) for Micronesian Honeyeater, 677 (545–810) for Micronesian Megapode, 497 (319–675) for Micronesian Starling, 107 (82–131) for Collared Kingfisher, and 170 (101–238) for Mariana Fruit Bat (Pteropus mariannus).
Micronesica 31(2): 247-254, 1999.
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Fancy et al 1999
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2_fancy.pdf (49.19 KB)
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2. Trono, Jr. G.C 1969. The Marine Benthic Algae of the Caroline Islands, II. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. Micronesica. 5 (1): 25-119. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1969.
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The Marine Benthic Algae of the Caroline Islands, II. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta

Trono, Jr. G.C

N/A- Notes
Micronesica 5 (1): 25-119, 1969.
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Trono 1969
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the_marine_benthic_algae_of_the_caroline_islands_ii._phaeophyta_rhodophyta_-_micronesica_vol._5_no.1_jul._1969_o.pdf (6.46 MB)
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2. McDermid, K.J. & A. Edward 1999. Seagrass Community Composition and Biomass at Nahpali Island, Pohnpei. Micronesica. 31(2): 255-262. Date Revised/Accepted: 06 March 1998.
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Seagrass Community Composition and Biomass at Nahpali Island, Pohnpei

McDermid, K.J. & A. Edward

The seagrass community off the barrier reef island of Nahpali, Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia, was sampled in August 1996 to determine species composition and above-ground biomass. Three species were found: Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, and Thalassia hemprichii. This is the first time that C. rotundata has been recorded for Pohnpei. There were differences in the distribution relative to distance from shore for these seagrass species. Enhalus acoroides at this site showed significantly lower mean biomass (4.95 g dry weight/ m2) than the other two species (C. rotundata 42.53 g dry weight/ m2, T. hemprichii 21.86 g dry weight/ m2).
Micronesica 31(2): 255-262, 1999.
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McDermid & Edward 1999
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3_mcdermid.pdf (99.55 KB)
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2. Eldredge, L.G 2003. A retrospective look at Guam's marine biodiversity. Micronesica. 35-36: 26-37.
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A retrospective look at Guam's marine biodiversity

Eldredge, L.G

For marine biodiversity studies at Guam, note is made of early discoverers to the 1900s and the beginning of scientific investigations through World War II. Specific activities surrounding Acanthaster planci are noted as they led to the development of the University of Guam Marine Laboratory with comments on the Marine Lab’s role in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas to the present. Former and current faculty, graduate students, and visiting researcher activities are reported.
Micronesica 35-36: 26-37, 2003.
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Eldredge 2003
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2-history.pdf (146.24 KB)
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2. Perry, G. & D.W. Buden 1999. Ecology, behavior and color variation of the green tree skink, Lamprolepis smaragdina (Lacertilia: Scincidae), in Micronesia. Micronesica. 31(2): 263-273. Date Revised/Accepted: 11 March 1998.
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Ecology, behavior and color variation of the green tree skink, Lamprolepis smaragdina (Lacertilia: Scincidae), in Micronesia

Perry, G. & D.W. Buden

We studied populations of the green tree skink, Lamprolepis smaragdina, at three main sites in Micronesia: Pohnpei (Federated States of Micronesia, FSM) and Saipan and Tinian (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, CNMI). We also surveyed Rota (CNMI), where the skink has not been recorded in previous surveys, to verify its absence. Our main goal was to describe some basic biology traits at these sites. Observations were carried out between 1993 and 1998. We used focal animal observations and visual surveys to describe the relative abundance, elevational distribution, behavior (perch choice, foraging behavior, activity time), and coloration of the species at each of the three sites. This information was then used to compare these populations in order to assess the origin of the CNMI populations.
As expected, we found no green tree skink on Rota. We found few differences among the three populations we did locate, Pohnpei, Tinian, and Saipan. Perch diameters and body orientations were similar between the three sites, as were population densities and foraging behaviors. However, Tinian’s lizards perched lower than those of Pohnpei or Saipan, probably due to the smaller trees available to them. All CNMI lizards were green, whereas this morph typically comprises 40–60 per- cent of the population at FSM localities. These findings suggest isolation has allowed no differences in behavioral or ecological traits to evolve. We interpret the differences in color to indicate a small initial settling population in the CNMI (founder effect), consistent with an anthropogenic origin for the population and with low dispersal ability for the species.
Micronesica 31(2): 263-273, 1999.
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Perry & Buden 1999
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4_perry.pdf (38.38 KB)
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2. Fosberg, F.R., M.V.C. Falanruw, & M.-H. Sachet 1977. Additional Records of Vascular Plants from the Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 13 (1): 27-32. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1977.
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Additional Records of Vascular Plants from the Northern Mariana Islands

Fosberg, F.R., M.V.C. Falanruw, & M.-H. Sachet

Since the publication of our Vascular Flora of the Northern Mariana Islands (Fosberg et al., 1975) further collections have been made in these islands by members of the University of Guam Expedition of 1975. These included a number of new island records and what seems to be Achyranthes aspera var. fruticosa, which is new to Micronesia. These are mostly listed below with the islands, localities, names of collectors, and collection numbers. The specimens cited are all deposited in the U.S. National Herbarium, Washington, D.C. Duplicates of most of them are in the Yap Institute of Science and may eventually be deposited in the herbarium of the University of Guam. A few specimens are still under study and will be reported on later.
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Micronesica 13 (1): 27-32, 1977.
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Fosberg, Falanruw, & Sachet 1977
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additional_records_of_vascular_plants_from_the_northern_mariana_islands_by_fosberg_f.r._falanruw_m._sachet_m._-_micronesica_vol._13_no._1_june_1977_o.pdf (467.91 KB)
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2. Ritter, M.W. & C.M. Naugle 1999. Population characteristics, germination and proposed management of Elaeocarpus joga Merr. on Guam: a regionally endemic tree. Micronesica. 31(2): 275-281. Date Revised/Accepted: 17 March 1998.
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Population characteristics, germination and proposed management of Elaeocarpus joga Merr. on Guam: a regionally endemic tree

Ritter, M.W. & C.M. Naugle

Seventy E. joga Merr. trees were measured in native limestone forest habitat. The population is highly skewed towards large, mature trees; eighty-four percent of the trees were over 30 cm diameter at breast height (DBH). Fruit production was high but natural recruitment seemed to occur rarely with only 11 seedlings recorded. The probable factors affecting E. joga demography, such as lack of dispersal, introduced ungulates, and high insect concentrations are discussed. Techniques for seed extraction and germination are presented. Based on the results of this study, we offer recommendations for the integrated management of this tree species.
 
Micronesica 31(2): 275-281, 1999.
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Ritter & Naugle 1999
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5_ritter.pdf (37.6 KB)
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2. Kessler, C.W 1999. New Cuckoo Record and Vagrant Bird Sightings for the Mariana Islands (1995-1998). Micronesica. 31(2): 283-287. Date Revised/Accepted: 17 March 1998.
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New Cuckoo Record and Vagrant Bird Sightings for the Mariana Islands (1995-1998)

Kessler, C.W

Casual bird observations in the Northern Mariana Islands are reported, with new records for the islands of Anatahan, Pagan, Saipan, and Sarigan.
Micronesica 31(2): 283-287, 1999.
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Kessler 1999
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6_kessler.pdf (32.85 KB)
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2. Underwood, J.H 1989. Population History of Nauru: A Cautionary Tale. Micronesica. 22 (1): 3-22. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 August 1989.
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Population History of Nauru: A Cautionary Tale

Underwood, J.H

Available records relating to Nauruan population attributes are critically evaluated to develop a reconstructed population history of this native Micronesian people. Historical evidence consists of documentation of the effects of diseases and modern warfare and more recent behavioral changes traceable to altered economic conditions. Unpredictable and dramatic fluctuations in population characteristics throughout the historic period are revealed, precluding the use of standard population models. Even structural similarities at widely separated time periods are shown to be insufficient evidence of stable population conditions, a cautionary finding for paleodemographers, archaeologists, and others working throughout the Pacific.
Micronesica 22 (1): 3-22, 1989.
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Underwood 1989
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2-population20history20of20nauru20a20cautionary20tale20micronesica20vol.202220no.20120aug.2c201989.pdf (584.31 KB)
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2. Brown, J.W 2003. Agricultural Research Institutions in the Tropical Insular Pacific. Micronesica. Suppl. 7: 3-11. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 2003.
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Agricultural Research Institutions in the Tropical Insular Pacific

Brown, J.W

Agricultural research is an essential component of any program to increase the sustainability of agriculture. Agricultural research is necessary to help farmers deal with diseases and pests. With the dramatic increases in travel and trade of the twentieth-century, even the traditional agricultural practices of relatively iso-lated  islands  in  the  Pacific  have  come  under  threat  from  introductions  of  exotic diseases  and  pests.  Agricultural  research  also  is  needed  to  develop  sustainable production practices and to adapt new technologies and cultivars to local conditions.  Many  of  the  traditional  agricultural  practices  used  in  the  tropical  Pacific become non-sustainable when they are intensified due to increases in population, or due to movement from subsistence to market production. Cultivars and practices  developed  elsewhere  may  not  be  suitable  for  the  climates  and  soils  of  the tropical  Pacific.  For  those  agricultural  products  that  are  produced  for  export markets, local research is necessary to adapt to the constantly changing demands of these markets. 
 
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Micronesica Suppl. 7: 3-11, 2003.
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Brown 2003
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02-suppl_7_3-11_brown.pdf (22.57 KB)
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2. LeBeck, L.M 2002. Recommendations for Managing Invasive Species in the Pacific Basin. Micronesica. Suppl. 6: 3 Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 2002.
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Recommendations for Managing Invasive Species in the Pacific Basin

LeBeck, L.M

Funding programs should support comprehensive, competitive, regional projects  in  the  Pacific  Basin  targeted  at building  the  capacity  (i.e.  Personnel, Internet enhancement, and training needs) necessary to identify and stop the spread of invasive species within the country and beyond.

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Micronesica Suppl. 6: 3 2002.
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LeBeck 2002
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02-recomm_3.pdf (4.79 KB)
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2. Fosberg, F.R 1967. Opening Remarks: Island Ecosystem Symposium. Micronesica. 3 (1): 3-4. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1967.
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Opening Remarks: Island Ecosystem Symposium

Fosberg, F.R

The first symposium on island ecosystems was held at the 10th Pacific Science Congress in Honolulu in 1961. It was focused on Man's place in this type of ecosystem, but included a number of b ackground papers with, in the introduction, a short explanation of the ecosystem concept and a brief essay on the island ecosystem. That symposium was published by the B.P. Bishop Museum and has been rather widely read and quoted. Here there is no need to repeat the explanation of the ecosystem concept, as it has not much changed since the 1961 symposium. A symposium on islands and island ecosystems was conducted in 1964 on board ship en route to the Galapagos, as a part of the University of California Expedition to these islands. There the subject was further developed (Fosberg, 1966).
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Micronesica 3 (1): 3-4, 1967.
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Fosberg 1967
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opening_remarks_island_ecosystem_symposium_by_fosberg_f.r._-_micronesica_vol.3_no.1_jul_1967o.pdf (708.49 KB)
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2. O'Daniel, D. & S. Krueger 1999. Recent Sightings of the Micronesian Megapode on Tinian, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31(2): 301-307. Date Revised/Accepted: 24 April 1998.
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Recent Sightings of the Micronesian Megapode on Tinian, Mariana Islands

O'Daniel, D. & S. Krueger

The Micronesian Megapode (Megapodius laperouse laperouse) was once extant throughout the Mariana Islands. On Tinian, prior to 1995, it had only been reliably sighted once this century. From November 1994 to August 1995, five transects were monitored on mili- tary-leased land in areas where megapodes were reported to have been seen by local residents. No megapodes were detected during the surveys, however, there were three different individual sightings in April-June 1995. The sightings were in the Maga, Bateha, and Mt. Lasu areas. One megapode was observed for 5 hours, during which time the bird foraged on the forest floor and in trees, rested, and dusted.
 
Micronesica 31(2): 301-307, 1999.
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ODaniel & Krueger 1999
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7_odaniel.pdf (61.73 KB)
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2. Spennenmann, D.H.R 1999. Exploitation of bird plumages in the German Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31(2): 309-318. Date Revised/Accepted: 15 March 1998.
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Exploitation of bird plumages in the German Mariana Islands

Spennenmann, D.H.R

At the turn of the century there was a great demand from the European and American fashion industry for exotic feathers. The German colonial government in the Marianas issued a license to collect the plumage of various native birds on several central and northern islands of the Marianas. Even though strict conditions had been attached to the license, there was little supervision or enforcement of the restrictions. As a result the bird populations were hunted to the verge of extinction, with Tropicbirds (Phaeton sp.), Brown Boobies (Sula leucogaster), Frigatebirds (Fregata sp.) and White Terns (Gygis alba) the most sought after species.
Micronesica 31(2): 309-318, 1999.
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Spennemann 1999
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8_spennemann.pdf (47.87 KB)
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2. Steadman, D.W 1999.  The Prehistory of Vertebrates, Especially Birds, on Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 31(2): 319-345. Date Revised/Accepted: 20 March 1998.
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The Prehistory of Vertebrates, Especially Birds, on Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota, Northern Mariana Islands

Steadman, D.W

Recent excavations in caves and rockshelters on the islands of Tinian, Aguiguan, and Rota (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands) have yielded a history of vertebrates over the past 2500 years. Bones from these and other sites document these extinct or locally extirpated species of birds: Tinian: Procelsterna cerulea, Gygis microrhyncha, Poliolimnas cinereus, Porzana sp., Gallirallus sp., Porphyrio sp., cf. Ducula oceanica, Collocalia vanikorensis, Acrocephalus luscinia, Cleptornis marchei; Aguiguan: Porzana sp., Gallirallus sp.; and Rota: Puffinus lherminieri, Procelsterna cerulea, Anatidae new sp., Megapodius laperouse, Porzana sp., Poliolimnas cinereus, Gallirallus sp., cf. Porphyrio sp., Gallinula chloropus, Gallicolumba new sp., Ducula oceanica, Psittacidae new sp., Collocalia vanikorensis, Myiagra cf. freycineti, Cleptornis marchei, and Erythura new sp. The bones also portray the loss of nine populations of lizards, one of snake, and two of bats. It appears that chicken, dog, and pig, which occur prehistorically through much of Oceania, were not introduced to the Mariana Islands until after European contact. The only non- native, non-human vertebrate with good evidence of living prehistori- cally in the Mariana Islands is the Pacific Rat Rattus exulans, which nevertheless is absent in strata older than ca. AD 1000-1200. That flightless rails, especially Gallirallus spp., survived in the Mariana Islands for millennia after human arrival may be related to the lack of chicken, dog, and pig, combined with a 2000–2500 year delay in the introduction of Rattus exulans.


Micronesica 31(2): 319-345, 1999.
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2. Amesbury, J.R 1999. Changes in Species Composition of Archaeological Marine Shell Assemblages in Guam. Micronesica. 31(2): 347-366. Date Revised/Accepted: 18 May 1998.
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Changes in Species Composition of Archaeological Marine Shell Assemblages in Guam

Amesbury, J.R

Marine shell assemblages from archaeological excavations in Guam vary in species composition from one part of the island to another and from one time period to another. Cultural deposits dating to the Pre-Latte Phase (c. 3500 to 1000 years before present [BP]) in Tumon Bay and East Agana Bay have yielded mostly bivalves, while Latte Phase (c. 1000 years BP to AD 1521) deposits have yielded mostly gastropods, especially Strombus. However, in Latte Phase shell assemblages from southern Guam, bivalves consistently outweigh gastropods, but there are changes in the relative abundance of the various bivalve species. Relative sea level decline may explain the differences between the earlier and later shell assemblages from Tumon Bay and East Agana Bay. The geology of Guam probably accounts for the differences between the shell assemblages from Tumon Bay and East Agana Bay compared with assemblages from sites farther south. 

Micronesica 31(2): 347-366, 1999.
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2. Krueger, S. & D. O'Daniel 1999. Observations of Mariana Fruit Bats on Tinian. Micronesica. 31(2): 367-371. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1998.
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Observations of Mariana Fruit Bats on Tinian

Krueger, S. & D. O'Daniel

From November 1994 to August 1995 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) conducted a survey for the Mariana fruit bat on the island of Tinian. Spotting scopes and binoculars were used to survey the forest canopy and skyline at five bat observation stations. Each station was surveyed once a month for a total of 76 hr. No bats were observed during the study period, however, two incidental sightings were reported. Illegal harvesting of fruit bats remains the major threat to the reestablishment of this species on Tinian.
Micronesica 31(2): 367-371, 1999.
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2. Salleh, A. & P. Milow 1999. Notes on Trentepohlia dialepta (Nylander) Hariot (Trentepohliaceae, Chlorophyta) and sporangia of some other species of Trentepohlia Mart. from Malaysia. Micronesica. 31(2): 373-378. Date Revised/Accepted: 30 June 1998.
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Notes on Trentepohlia dialepta (Nylander) Hariot (Trentepohliaceae, Chlorophyta) and sporangia of some other species of Trentepohlia Mart. from Malaysia

Salleh, A. & P. Milow

This paper discusses specimens identified as Trentepohlia dialepta. Sporangia of some other Malaysian species of Trentepohlia are also briefly discussed. 

Micronesica 31(2): 373-378, 1999.
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2. Marutani, M., J. Richardson, V. Edirveerasingam, D. Taitano & D. Borthakur 1999. Indigenous Rhizobium strains from Guam contain a mimosine degrading gene. Micronesica. 31(2): 379-385. Date Revised/Accepted: 22 June 1998.
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Indigenous Rhizobium strains from Guam contain a mimosine degrading gene

Marutani, M., J. Richardson, V. Edirveerasingam, D. Taitano & D. Borthakur

Indigenous Rhizobium strains were isolated from nodules of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit on Guam. The bioassay of growing strains in Rhizobium-mimosine (RM) medium showed that the majority of isolates from the Barrigada site catabolized mimosine, a toxin which was produced by the plant, as a nutrient source, while only a few strains from Yigo site had this ability. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to reveal the presence of a mimosine degrading gene (midA). The PCR products of several Rhizobium strains isolated from Guam revealed that some isolates contained a mimosine degrading gene (midA), the 1055-bp DNA fragment present in Rhizobium TAL1145, a strain from Hawaii. 

Micronesica 31(2): 379-385, 1999.
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2. Duckworth, W.D 1994. Insects of Micronesia: Introduction. Micronesica. 27(1/2): 45-49. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1994.
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Insects of Micronesia: Introduction

Duckworth, W.D

In  1954, Dr. J.  Linsley Gressitt,  with the  help and  support  of Prof. T.  Esaki and  other  prominent  entomologists  throughout  the  Pacific, inititated  the  series Insects  of Micronesia. Its purpose  was to expand  our  knowledge of the  insects of this  region  through  revisionary  works  on  discrete  groups  and  publish  them  in fascicles within  a  proposed  series  of  20 volumes.  Volume  I  provides  a  general natural  history  of  Micronesia  and  remains  the  best  such  treatment   available. Volume  2 contains  a bibliography  of the  entomology  of this  area. 

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Micronesica 27(1/2): 45-49, 1994.
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2. Hymowitz, T., R.J. Singh, & R.P. Larkin 1990. Long-distance Dispersal: The Case for the Allopolyploid Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. and G. tomentella Hayata in the West-Central Pacific. Micronesica. 23 (1): 5-13. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1990.
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Long-distance Dispersal: The Case for the Allopolyploid Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. and G. tomentella Hayata in the West-Central Pacific.

Hymowitz, T., R.J. Singh, & R.P. Larkin

Fourteen diploid (2n = 40) perennial species in the genus Glycine Willd. subgenus Glycine are endemic to the Australian region. However, the allopolyploid cytotypes (2n = 80) of G. tabacina (Labill.) Benth. and G. tomentella Hayata have a wider distribution. The allopolyploid members of G. tabacina are found in Australia and on islands in the South and West-Central Pacific. Similarly, the allopolyploid members of G. tomentella occur in the Australian region and in the West-Central Pacific. Most probably, migratory birds are the dissemination vector for the allopolyploid members of G. tabacina and G. tomentella across the equator from the Australian region to the West-Central Pacific.
Micronesica 23 (1): 5-13, 1990.
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2. Massin, C. & D.J.W. Lane 1991. Description of a New Species of Sea Cucumber (Stichopodidae, Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Eastern lndo-Malayan Archipelago: Thelenota rubralineata n. sp. Micronesica. 24 (1): 57-64. Date Revised/Accepted: 26 June 1990.
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Description of a New Species of Sea Cucumber (Stichopodidae, Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Eastern lndo-Malayan Archipelago: Thelenota rubralineata n. sp.

Massin, C. & D.J.W. Lane

Thelenota rubralineata n. sp. is described from specimens off Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. This colorful shallow water species is compared with T. anax and T. ananas. A short note is given on its behavior.
Micronesica 24 (1): 57-64, 1991.
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2. Camacho, P.D 1993. Welcome to the Conference. Micronesica. 26(1): 7 Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.
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Welcome to the Conference

Camacho, P.D

Good  afternoon  Lt.  Governor  Blas, Archbishop  Apuron,  Trustee  Taitano, distinguished guests. On behalf of the Board of Trustees and the Guam  Memorial Hospital  Authority,  I would like to welcome you all to the Guam  Toxic  Seaweed Scientific Conference. Last year attention  was focused on Guam because of several tragic deaths.  These  individuals  apparently  had  one  thing  in  common:  they  had eaten  a  local  seaweed  prior  to  the  onset  of  their  illness.  Physicians  and  other health  professionals  went  beyond  the  call  of  duty  in  providing  care  for  those patients at that  time. The purpose  of today's  conference is to discuss the  findings of  research  activities  that  have  taken  place  since  then  and  are  related  to  that event. Information  and discussion today will play a major role in the development of a medical management  program  in the event  there  is a reoccurrence of similar illness. We would like to extend  our thanks to each of the conference participants for their  contribution. 

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Micronesica 26(1): 7 1993.
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