New species are described in Psychotria and Scaevola, new varieties in Terminalia and Nesogenes, and a new combination in Polypodium. New records are noted for the Cook Islands and Polynesia of Eragrostis and Oxalis.

Fourteen diploid (2n = 40) perennial species in the genus Glycine Willd. subgenus Glycine are endemic to the Australian region. However, the allopolyploid cytotypes (2n = 80) of G. tabacina (Labill.) Benth. and G. tomentella Hayata have a wider distribution. The allopolyploid members of G. tabacina are found in Australia and on islands in the South and West-Central Pacific. Similarly, the allopolyploid members of G. tomentella occur in the Australian region and in the West-Central Pacific. Most probably, migratory birds are the dissemination vector for the allopolyploid members of G. tabacina and G. tomentella across the equator from the Australian region to the West-Central Pacific.

Sessilogoga elongata n. gen. n. sp. is an endoparasite of an unidentified antipatharian from 9 m depth at Guam, living between the host's tissue and skeletal axis. The description is based on a female, males, and nauplius larvae. Sessilogoga is included in the Synagogidae and is very similar to the ectoparasitic genus Synagoga Norman, for which a revised diagnosis is given. The nauplii are similar to those of some Lauridae.

Freshwater habitats of Yap, Federated States of Micronesia, are described, including first algal records. Periphyton and other visible algae were collected chiefly from streams and ponds. Streams were well shaded and lacked algae except in clearings; dominant algae were Schizothrix calcicola and Microcoleus spp. (Cyanophyta) and Cladophora sp. (Chlorophyta). Open ponds were dominated by blue-green algal mats, but some also had abundant Nitella and desmids. Desmids and diatoms were numerous and will be treated in other papers. The species list is short: 12 blue-green algae, 2 red algae, 2 charophytes, 7 filamentous greens, and 5 flagellates. All are new records for Yap and many for Micronesia. No endemic species were found. The freshwater algal flora of the Yap Islands does not show characteristics of the biota of "oceanic" islands.

A survey of terrestrial wildlife in the Ngerukewid Islands Wildlife Preserve of southwestern Palau detected one species of frog, 13 species of reptiles, 28 species of birds, and two species of bats. Fifteen species of native forest birds probably breed in the preserve, but eight other species known from adjacent limestone islands in Palau are absent. The preserve supports relatively dense populations of Micronesian megapodes, Micronesian pigeons, Nicobar pigeons, and Micronesian fruit bats, all of which are hunted extensively elsewhere in Palau. Four active nesting mounds of megapodes were found in the preserve, with an additional two mounds present in the nearby Kmekumer Islands. Six species of seabirds are present, with brown noddies, black noddies, and bridled terns breeding in moderate numbers. Hawksbill sea turtles appear to nest regularly in the area, but illegal egg collecting is a problem. Densities of skinks and geckos are low throughout the preserve. Only one introduced species of vertebrate, the greater sulfur-crested cockatoo, was recorded in the preserve, suggesting that the island group's original fauna is still largely intact.

This paper provides 70 species accounts documenting new bird records we obtained in the 14 Mariana Islands north of Guam (Fig. 1) from the winter of 1978 through Dec. 1988. The accounts are comprised of 224 sight, 3 photographic, and 32 specimen records. These represent 118 new island records, 23 which are new to the Marianas group, 10 new to Micronesia, and 5 new to the tropical Pacific (Table 1). Records are new for a particular island only, unless a larger geographical area is mentioned for a specific record in the text.

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The avifauna of Palau is the most diverse in Micronesia, both in terms of resident birds and migrants. Such variety has arisen because of the archipelago's proximity to the land masses of New Guinea and the Philippines. People interested in the birdlife of this island group will be pleased to learn of this newly published field guide from the Palau Conservation Office. The original manuscript for this handsome booklet was written 10 years ago by John Engbring, who was then completing 2 years of Peace Corps duty as a wildlife biologist in Palau, but unfortunately, funding for publication did not become available until 1988.

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This is surely one of the most informative, attractive, and complete regional fish guides available. More than 1250 species of reef fishes (about 10% of the world's marine fish fauna) are featured in individual accounts, and most are illustrated with underwater color photos.

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Over 260 names in the Chamorro fish nomenclature system show influences from Spanish, English, Japanese, Polynesian, and Philippine languages. Some of the names of local origin are translatable and describe aspects of the fishes that the islanders found important or interesting. The near absence of locally derived names for pelagic and deepwater species is unique in Micronesia and is possibly the result of a change in subsistence patterns that occurred during the early colonization of the Mariana Islands.

Analyses of reproductive histories from a family record register for 5,193 Chamorro women living in 1897 indicate that less than 7.5 percent of premenopausal married women at risk failed to produce offspring by 1942. Since up to one-third of all Chamorro females died before reaching an age of reproductive maturity and even more would never marry, population growth was only made possible by high levels of fertility in extramarital relationships and among married women who produced an average of nearly 8 children each during their reproductive lifespans. Sociocultural patterns surrounding marital and sexual practices played an important part in reducing effective population size to such a limited number of ancestors of the modern Chamorro population.

Temperature and depth data from bathythermograph casts made in the 1° square around Guam (13° to 14° N latitude, 144° to 145° E longitude) were analyzed to determine average monthly temperature patterns in the upper 500 m of the waters around the island. Characteristic features include (1) a year-round permanent thermocline extending from 120 m to more than 400 m in which water temperature drops from 27° to 8° C, (2) a deep mixed layer extending from the surface to 120 m during winter months, (3) development of a seasonal thermocline and reduction in the depth of the mixed layer during spring and summer, and (4) redevelopment of a deep mixed layer during the autumn months.

Patterns of seasonal abundance of five important pelagic fishery species around Guam were examined with respect to seasonal water temperature patterns. Blue marlin (Makaira mazara), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are most abundant during summer months when surface waters are warm and the seasonal thermocline has developed. Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) catch rates peak in November and December as surface waters cool and the mixed layer deepens. Mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus) is most abundant in the winter and early spring when the mixed layer is at its deepest and surface waters are at their coolest.

This paper contains taxonomic and distributional observations on Micronesian species, in various genera. The following new combinations are proposed: Hernandia sonora var. nymphaeaefolia (Presl.) Fosberg, Melochia villosissima var. compacta (Hochr.) Fosberg, and Melodinus insularis (Mgf.) Fosberg. Several species are new introductions to Guam or the other Marianas, and many are new for Micronesia.

Fourteen species of reptiles are known from Rota, Mariana Islands and include two species of sea turtles, one anole, five geckos, four skinks, one monitor lizard, and one blind snake. At least four of these species are suspected introductions. Anolis carolinensis has been recently introduced and was found only around the island's two villages. Data are presented on the types of foraging substrates used by geckos and skinks. Four species of geckos, Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, Lepidodactylus lugubris, and Nactus pelagicus, were most common in forests, while a fifth species, Hemidactylus frenatus, occurred most frequently in urban areas. The skinks Emoia atrocostata and Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus were uncommon and found only in coastal strand. Emoia caeruleocauda occurred in all habitats, but was particularly common in forests. Ramphotyphlops braminus is reported for the first time from Rota.

Twelve species of mammals are reported from the island of Tinian. The island's native mammal fauna included the Marianas fruit bat (Pteropus mariannus) and possibly the Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata). With the arrival of human settlers, a number of other mammals eventually reached Tinian. Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans) probably accompanied early Chamorros, while Europeans introduced several species of ungulates, carnivores, and other rodents. Some of these animals established wild populations. Numbers of feral cattle (Bos taurus) and pigs (Sus scrofa) increased greatly by the 1700s, probably resulting in severe and long-lasting impacts on the island's vegetation. The two most recent mammal introductions to Tinian were the Philippine deer (Cervus mariannus) and musk shrew (Suncus murinus) in the 1960s or early 1970s.

Five species of marine algae, Acrothamnion preissii (Sonder) Wollaston (Rhodophyceae, Ceramiales), Caulacanthus ustulatus (Mert.) Kütz. (Rhodophyceae, Gigartinales), Ochrosphaera verrucosa Schussnig (Prymnesiophyceae, Coccosphaerales), Ostreobium quekettii Bornet et Flahault (Chlorophyceae, Bryopsidales), and Rhodosorus marinus Geitler (Rhodophyceae, Porphyridiales) are recorded for the first time in the Philippines. The sporophytic stage of Derbesia marina (Lyngbye) Solier is also reported. Caulacanthus indicus Weber-van Bosse and C. okamurae Yamada are synonymized with C. ustulatus based on morphological and anatomical comparisons of type material with field and culture specimens and successful cross-breeding of Philippine and Australian isolates in culture.

The concept of "culture" is a potent tool for building intellectual structure from the complex flow of experience. "Culture" is the idea that the lived experience of a group of people has order: that social relations and behavior follow certain rules, and that these rules relate to basic values and principles of the group. Anthropologists employ the culture concept as a cognitive framework for making sense out of a mass of observations and information, for selecting some facts and discarding others in order to create a coherent picture of a particular people's way of life, and the meaning those people give to their actions. Thus "culture" serves for social data what "paradigm," as Thomas Kuhn has argued in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, serves for physical data.

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This volume, the third in a three-volume series, is a compilation of data and information on the coral reefs of American Samoa, eastern Australia, Belau (Palau), China, the Cook Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Hong Kong, Japan, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, the Northern Marianas Islands, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn, the Solomon Islands, Taiwan, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Funafuti, and Western Samoa. The format of the book is easy to follow, with sections on location, area, land tenure, physical features, reefs structures, noteworthy flora and fauna, scientific importance, economic and social benefits, disturbance and deficiencies, legal protection, management and recommendations. Each section has an extensive references list, and is illustrated with informative maps.
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Popular guides to seaweeds are not common, in contrast to the abundance of field guides to terrestrial plants and anything that moves. Until recently, popular seaweed guides-except for some Japanese books-followed the technical works in being illustrated with line drawings. As Roger Tory Peterson long ago proved, the average naturalist (and many professionals, too!) uses the picture-matching method and finds color illustrations much more useful. The increase in SCUBA-tourism has opened up markets for field guides to seaweeds illustrated in color. Magruder & Hunt's small book Seaweeds of Hawaii was one of the first, and Fuhrer et al.'s Seaweeds of Australia followed in 1981. [In fact, color seaweed guides with hand-colored drawings were popular in Victorian England, as the 3rd edition of the Rev. D. Landsborough's charming book (A Popular History of British Seaweeds, 1857) testifies, but tastes, the economy, and printing methods changed.] Now we have Marine Plants of the Caribbean, in which I think Diane Littler and her colleagues have set the standard for future works.

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