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1. Elameto, J.M. 1975. Carolinian Names of Common Fishes in Saipan, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 1-6. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Carolinian Names of Common Fishes in Saipan, Mariana Islands

Elameto, J.M.

The Carolinians are knowledgeable of the sea and are fishermen by tradition. However, Carolinian is dying out as a language just as the Carolinians are decreasing in number. Much irreplaceable knowledge will be lost with the last Carolinian fisherman.
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Micronesica 11 (1): 1-6, 1975.
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Elameto 1975
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2. Riesenberg, S.H. 1975. The Ghost Islands of the Carolines. Micronesica. 11 (1): 7-34. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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The Ghost Islands of the Carolines

Riesenberg, S.H.

The native names of three islands of the Carolines have been misapplied on modern maps to neighboring islands, each name displacing the correct name of the island to the east. These names, in altered form, are Gaferut, West Fayu, and Pikelot. The name of a fourth, mythical place has been similarly misapplied to the westernmost of the three, Gaferut. The first error seems to have been made in 1804 by Don Luis de Torres, who misunderstood the information supplied him on his voyage of discovery by a Woleai navigator. The second error, which occurred in 1905, seems attributable to District Magistrate Arno Senfft, who apparently mistook sailing directions given him by a Lamotrek man to the mythical island of Kaafirór (cognate to Gaferut) as applicable to a real place. Kaafirór is supposed to lie northeast of Yap; it has vanished, due to fear of the Spanish, but it reappears now and then; possibly there is a real basis for this myth. It may be the same place as Sepin, which is also said to have disappeared, but which Yapese identify with Hunter's Reef.
Micronesica 11 (1): 7-34, 1975.
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Riesenberg 1975
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the_ghost_islands_of_the_carolines_by_riesenberg_s.h._-_micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (2.75 MB)
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3. Lessa, W.A. 1975. The Portuguese Discovery of the Isles of Sequeira. Micronesica. 11 (1): 35-70. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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The Portuguese Discovery of the Isles of Sequeira

Lessa, W.A.

The identity of the lsles of Sequeira discovered in 1525 by some marooned Portuguese sailors has never been satisfactorily determined. Here, using anthropological, geographical, and biological clues contained in early accounts, the merits of the claims for Australia, Tobi, Palau, Ngulu, Yap, and Ulithi are subjected to intense scrutiny. "Ethnological sleuthing" serves to reject all, but one candidate.
Micronesica 11 (1): 35-70, 1975.
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Lessa 1975
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4. Clark, P., J.H. Underwood, & P. Jones. 1975. Serum Proteins in People of the Yap Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 71-76. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Serum Proteins in People of the Yap Islands

Clark, P., J.H. Underwood, & P. Jones.

Serum protein patterns were studied in 186 female and 147 male adults from the Yap Islands. Total proteins were determined by the Biuret Test and relative amounts of different serum proteins were obtained by scanning electrophoretic patterns. Immunoglobulins A, G, and M were determined in 63 randomly selected samples from this group and Immunoglobulin E from 28 randomly selected samples.

In company with other indigenous populations of the tropical regions of the Pacific, there is an increased mean gamma globulin and decreased albumin in comparison with values from Australian caucasians. A moderately elevated Immunoglobulin G and a marked Immunoglobulin E value was observed in sera from Yap Islands people. The possible reasons for these results are briefly discussed.
Micronesica 11 (1): 71-76, 1975.
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Clark, Underwood, & Jones 1975
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serum_proteins_in_people_of_the_yap_islands_by_clark_p._j.h._underwood_and_p._jones_-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (348.72 KB)
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5. Fosberg, F.R & M.V.C. Falanruw. 1975. Noteworthy Micronesian Plants. 1. Micronesica. 11 (1): 77-80. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Noteworthy Micronesian Plants. 1.

Fosberg, F.R & M.V.C. Falanruw.

During work on collections of Micronesian vascular plants and in the course of preparing treatments of various genera for the Flora of Micronesia, a number of new distributional records and new varieties were found. New records were found in Eustachys, Malaisia, Boehmeria, Canavalia, Teramnus, Euphorbia, Polypremum, and Eupatorium, and new varieties in Canavalia and Ochrosia. Further papers in this series are in preparation.
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Micronesica 11 (1): 77-80, 1975.
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Fosberg & Falanruw 1975
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6. Fosberg, F.R & M.-H. Sachet. 1975. Noteworthy Micronesian Plants. 2. Micronesica. 11 (1): 81-84. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Noteworthy Micronesian Plants. 2.

Fosberg, F.R & M.-H. Sachet.

The second paper of this series contains new distributional records and taxonomic notes on species of Portulaca, Connarus, Salamonia, Piriquita, Leucas, Bacopa, Limnophila, and Striga in Micronesia. One new combination is proposed in Connarus.
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Micronesica 11 (1): 81-84, 1975.
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Fosberg & Sachet 1975
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noteworthy_micronesian_plants._2_by_fosberg_f.r._and_m.h._sachet_-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (249.5 KB)
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7. Cooke, W.J. 1975. Shallow Water Hydroids from Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 85-108. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Shallow Water Hydroids from Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands

Cooke, W.J.

Collections from shallow water (less than 5 m depth) and intertidal sites at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands provided material representing seventeen species, twelve genera, and seven families of gymnoblastic and calyptoblastic hydroids. Most of the species recorded (10 of the 17) are cosmopolitan forms found worldwide. The possible methods of introductions of these species and the effects of fish grazing pressure on the hydroids' ecology in a coral reef ecosystem are discussed.
Micronesica 11 (1): 85-108, 1975.
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Cooke 1975
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shallow_water_hydroids_from_enewetak_atoll_marshall_islands_cooke_w.j._-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (1.43 MB)
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9. Kami, H.T. 1975. Check-List of Guam Fishes, Supplement II. Micronesica. 11 (1): 115-122. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Check-List of Guam Fishes, Supplement II

Kami, H.T.

This second supplement to the Check-list of Guam Fishes (Kami et al., 1968; Kami, 1971) lists 75 species and four families of fishes previously not recorded from Guam.
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Micronesica 11 (1): 115-122, 1975.
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Kami 1975
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check-list_of_guam_fishes_supplement_ii_kami_h.t._-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (318.28 KB)
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10. Allen, G.R. & H.K. Larson. 1975. Pomachromis guamensis, a New Species of Damselfish (Pomacentridae) from the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 123-126. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Pomachromis guamensis, a New Species of Damselfish (Pomacentridae) from the Mariana Islands

Allen, G.R. & H.K. Larson.

A new species of pomacentrid fish Pomachromis guamensis is described from two specimens taken off Tanguisson Point, Guam, Mariana Islands. In contrast to the other members of the genus, this species lacks distinctive markings on the caudal fin or caudal peduncle. A key to the species of Pomachromis is also included.
Micronesica 11 (1): 123-126, 1975.
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Allen & Larson 1975
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pomachromis_guamensis_a_new_species_of_damselfish_pomacentridae_from_the_mariana_islands_by_allen_g.r._h.k._larson-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (295.77 KB)
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11. Jones, R.S. & J.A. Chase. 1975. Community Structure and Distribution of Fishes in an Enclosed High Island Lagoon in Guam. Micronesica. 11 (1): 127-148. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Community Structure and Distribution of Fishes in an Enclosed High Island Lagoon in Guam

Jones, R.S. & J.A. Chase.

Cocos lagoon is described as a barrier reef enclosed ecosystem located at the foot of the southern mountain range on the island of Guam. The lagoon is shown to comprise a diverse array of environments and is considered to be an important natural recreation and fishery resource to the island.

Six distinct fish communities in six biotopes are investigated. One biotope is included from outside the barrier for comparing lagoon communities with an open ocean reef community. The lagoon biotopes discussed are the coral-rich walls of Mamaon and Manell channels, the lagoon patch reefs, the barrier reef flat, the seagrass beds including Halodule and Enhalus species, and the sand bottoms of the lagoon floor and channels.

Visual fish counts are conducted within the six biotopes to characterize the community structure of each. Results of 42 transects along with an equal number of random (qualitative) counts are discussed. Importance values, linear biomass, and, where possible, actual biomass figures are calculated for each species within the biotopes. Shannon-Wiener diversity indices are computed along with coefficients of community for each biotope and the results used to compare species diversity and community structure between biotopes.
Micronesica 11 (1): 127-148, 1975.
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Jones & Chase 1975
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community_structure_and_distribution_of_fishes_in_and_enclosed_high_island_lagoon_in_guam_by_jones_r.s._j.a._chase-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (1.48 MB)
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12. Falanruw, M.V.C. 1975. Distribution of the Micronesian megapode Megapodius laperouse in the northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 149-150. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Distribution of the Micronesian megapode Megapodius laperouse in the northern Mariana Islands

Falanruw, M.V.C.

Baker (1951) gives the geographic range of the endangered species, Megapodius laperouse laperouse Gaimard, as including the Mariana Islands of Asuncion, Agrihan, Pagan, Alamagan, Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, Rota, and Guam and indicates that the bird is probably extinct on Saipan, Tinian, Rota and Guam .
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Micronesica 11 (1): 149-150, 1975.
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Falanruw 1975
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distribution_of_the_micronesian_megapode_megapodius_laperouse_in_the_northern_mariana_islands-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975o.pdf (633.92 KB)
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13. Falanruw, M.V.C., M. McCoy, & Namlug. 1975. Occurrence of the Ridley Sea Turtle in the Western Caroline Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 151-152. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Occurrence of the Ridley Sea Turtle in the Western Caroline Islands

Falanruw, M.V.C., M. McCoy, & Namlug.

There appear to be no published records of the sea turtle genus Lepidochelys in Micronesian waters. The following information is offered toward a better understanding of this genus and its life history.
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Micronesica 11 (1): 151-152, 1975.
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Falanruw, McCoy, & Numlug 1975
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occurence_of_the_ridley_sea_turtle_in_the_western_caroline_islands_by_falanruw_m.v.c._m._mccoy_namlug_-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (101.08 KB)
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14. Rideout, R.S. 1975. Toxicity of the asteroid Linckia laevigata (L.) to the damselfish Dascyllus aruanus (L.). Micronesica. 11 (1): 153-154. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1975.
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Toxicity of the asteroid Linckia laevigata (L.) to the damselfish Dascyllus aruanus (L.)

Rideout, R.S.

The blue coral reef asteroid Linckia laevigata is commonly found exposed in the reef flat habitat. It has been observed that fish occasionally die in aquaria occupied by Linckia laevigata. It was postulated that this starfish contains a toxin in its body since some asteroids, e.g., Asterina pectinifera and Asterias amurensis, are known to contain toxins (Feder and Christensen, 1967). Different body parts of L. laevigata were therefore tested for toxicity.
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Micronesica 11 (1): 153-154, 1975.
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Rideout 1975
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toxicity_of_the_asteroid_linckia_laevigata_l._to_the_damselfish_dascyllus_aruanus_l._by_rideout_r.s._-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (136.31 KB)
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15. Marshall, M. 1975. Finney, B.R. Polynesian Peasants and Proletarians. Schenkrnan Publishing Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts. 147p. Micronesica. 11 (1): 155-157. Date Revised/Accepted: 15 June 2017.
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Finney, B.R. Polynesian Peasants and Proletarians. Schenkrnan Publishing Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts. 147p.

Marshall, M.

Although the ethnographic setting is in Polynesia rather than in Micronesia, the processes described in this book reflect patterns of change that already have occurred and are currently taking place in Micronesia. For this reason, Finney's book will be of interest to those concerned with social problems and socioeconomic planning in Micronesia.
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Micronesica 11 (1): 155-157, 1975.
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16. Sournia, A. & M. Ricard. 1975. Phytoplankton and Primary Productivity in Takapoto Atoll, Tuamotu Islands. Micronesica. 11 (2): 159-166. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1975.
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Phytoplankton and Primary Productivity in Takapoto Atoll, Tuamotu Islands

Sournia, A. & M. Ricard.

Takapoto is a virtually closed atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Planktonic primary productivity was studied there during the southern winter (August, 1974) under several aspects: 14C in situ uptake, glucose uptake, chlorophyll concentration and phytoplankton counts; stations were located in the southwestern part of the lagoon (5 stations) and outside the reef (1 station). The productivity level in the lagoon, though moderate (125-275 mg C m-2 day-1), is significantly higher than in the open sea; the same is true for pigment concentration and heterotrophic activity. Phytoplankton composition is quite different in the lagoon (dinoflagellate dominated) and outside the lagoon (where diatoms prevail). Productivity of the atoll as a whole on a yearly basis might be higher, if, as suggested from several considerations, the northeastern (windward) end of the lagoon is more fertile and, on the other hand, if the summer (rainy season) is more favorable. Comparisons are made with the few relevant data available from other atolls of the world, whether open or closed.
Micronesica 11 (2): 159-166, 1975.
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Sournia & Ricard 1975
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phytoplankton_and_primary_productivity_in_takapoto_atoll_tuamotu_islands_by_sournia_a._m._ricard_-micronesica_vol.11_no.2_dec._1975_o.pdf (623.18 KB)
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17. Strong, R.D. 1975. Distribution, Morphometry, and Thermal Stress Studies on Two Forms of Linckia (Asteroidea) on Guam. Micronesica. 11 (2): 167-184. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1975.
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Distribution, Morphometry, and Thermal Stress Studies on Two Forms of Linckia (Asteroidea) on Guam

Strong, R.D.

Two similar forms of the asteroid genus Linckia were surveyed by a timed swimming count at eight locations around Guam. Linckia laevigata, cobalt blue in color, was found mainly on the reef flats but larger specimens occurred as deep as ten meters, whereas Linckia species, brown in color, usually occurred between depths of ten and 20 meters. Linckia species tends to have longer, more slender arms than L. laevigata. The rate of oxygen uptake increased between 25° and 34°C in Linckia species. It also increased between 25° and 31°C, but leveled off between 31° and 34°C in L. laevigata. At 36°C, the rate of oxygen consumption in both forms of starfish decreased, indicating a disturbance in metabolic activity because of increased temperature. Linckia laevigata was more tolerant to short exposures at 36°C and survived for longer periods of time when maintained at 34° and 36°C than did Linckia species. Thus, L. laevigata seems better adapted for living in a reef flat environment than does Linckia species. Phylogenetic relationships between the two forms remain unclear.
Micronesica 11 (2): 167-184, 1975.
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Strong 1975
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distribution_morphometry_and_thermal_stress_studies_on_two_forms_of_linckia_asteroidea_on_guam_by_strong_r.d._-micronesica_vol.11_no.2_dec._1975_o.pdf (1.08 MB)
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18. Vivien, M.L. 1975. Place of Apogonid Fish in the Food Webs of a Malagasy Coral Reef. Micronesica. 11 (2): 185-198. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1975.
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Place of Apogonid Fish in the Food Webs of a Malagasy Coral Reef

Vivien, M.L.

Twenty one species of Apogonidae were collected on the barrier reef at Tuléar (Madagascar). Most of them have a well defined ecological distribution across a reef transect. The feeding behaviors of the 11 most common species were qualitatively and quantitatively studied. Most cardinalfishes are nocturnal carnivores, feeding at night either on benthic organisms or on plankton. During the day, they rest sheltered under reef cover and capture available prey. Many differences appear between diurnal and nocturnal diets, which, in general, can be explained by the various rates of activity of the invertebrates, the distribution of food items among the biotopes and selectivity of the fishes. Finally, the trophic level of apogonid fishes in the reef food webs is discussed.
Micronesica 11 (2): 185-198, 1975.
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Vivien 1975
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place_of_apogonid_fish_in_the_food_webs_of_a_malagasy_coral_reef_by_vivien_m.l._-micronesica_vol.11_no.2_dec._1975_o.pdf (1021.39 KB)
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19. Bryan, P.G., B.B. Madraisau, & J.P. McVey. 1975. Hormone Induced and Natural Spawning of Captive Siganus canaliculatus (Pisces: Siganidae) Year Round. Micronesica. 11 (2): 199-204. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1975.
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Hormone Induced and Natural Spawning of Captive Siganus canaliculatus (Pisces: Siganidae) Year Round

Bryan, P.G., B.B. Madraisau, & J.P. McVey.

Captive Siganus canaliculatus reared and held in 3 m diameter circular tanks with running sea water were induced to spawn each month during 1974 by one or two intramuscular injections of human chorionic gonadotropin at dosages of 500 units per treatment. Natural spawnings occurred, without the use of hormone, only during the months of April, June, July, and August.
Micronesica 11 (2): 199-204, 1975.
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Bryan, Madraisau, & McVey 1975
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hormone_induced_and_natural_spawning_of_captive_siganus_canaliculatus_pisces-_signaidae_year_round_by_bryan_p.g._b.b._madraisau_j.p_mcvey-micronesica_vol.11_no.2_dec._1975_o.pdf (331.62 KB)
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20. Nolan, R.S., R.R. McConnaughey, & C.R. Stearns. 1975. Fishes Inhabiting Two Small Nuclear Test Craters at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Micronesica. 11 (2): 205-218. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1975.
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Fishes Inhabiting Two Small Nuclear Test Craters at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands

Nolan, R.S., R.R. McConnaughey, & C.R. Stearns.

Diving observations of fishes inhabiting two small nuclear test craters at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands indicate that mullids, sparids, acanthurids, scarids, kyphosids, and carangids are transient residents of the craters with their presence dependent on the tide level. Chaetodontids and lutjanids seem to be permanent residents. Censuses conducted along permanent transects demonstrate a high correlation between the spatial distribution of fish species and the distribution of shelter. Estimates of fish biomass are compared with those of other reef areas and it is concluded that the craters are an energetically open system. Utilization of crater mullids as a potential food resource is considered.
Micronesica 11 (2): 205-218, 1975.
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fishes_inhabiting_two_small_nuclear_test_craters_at_enewetak_atoll_marshall_islands_by_nolan_r.s._b.b._madraisau_j.p._mcvey-micronesica_vol.11_no.2_dec._1975_o.pdf (961.48 KB)
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21. Helfrich, P. & P.M. Allen. 1975. Observations on the Spawning of Mullet, Crenimugil crenilabis (Forskål), at Enewetak, Marshall Islands. Micronesica. 11 (2): 219-226. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1975.
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Observations on the Spawning of Mullet, Crenimugil crenilabis (Forskål), at Enewetak, Marshall Islands

Helfrich, P. & P.M. Allen.

The spawning of mullet, Crenimugil crenilabis, was observed in close proximity to the R/V ALPHA HELIX in Enewetak lagoon on the night of 25-26 June 1971. Prespawning behavior consisted of a dense school of 500 to 1500 individuals swimming rapidly in a counter-clockwise pattern near the surface in shallow water. This pattern persisted with occasional breaking of the school into two segments between 2030 and 0005 hr, at which time the mullet formed a single school and made a rapid explosive jump; it appeared as though the entire school broke the surface of the water after which dense clouds of released gametes were observed. The spawning behavior was repeated several times. Seventeen females (mean fork length 425.8 mm) and twenty-four males (mean fork length 389.5 mm) were sampled from the spawning school; alI specimens were running ripe. The sex ratio did not differ significantly from the expected 1:1. Ovaries examined microscopically contained only fully developed ova, with estimated fecundity ranging from 195,000 to 897,000 ova per female.
Micronesica 11 (2): 219-226, 1975.
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Helfrich & Allen 1975
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observations_on_the_spawning_of_mullet_crenimugil_crenilabis_forskal_at_enewetak_marshall_islands_by_helfrich_p._p.m._allen_-micronesica_vol.11_no.2_dec._1975_o.pdf (501.88 KB)
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22. Yamaguchi, M. 1975. Sea Level Fluctuations and Mass Mortalities of Reef Animals in Guam, Mariana lslands. Micronesica. 11 (2): 227-243. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1975.
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Sea Level Fluctuations and Mass Mortalities of Reef Animals in Guam, Mariana lslands

Yamaguchi, M.

Monthly mean sea level dropped as much as 44.2 cm below MSL on Guam in October 1972, where the tidal range is about 1 m during the spring tides. This was the most extensive sea level drop ever recorded on Guam since 1948. The 1972 sea level drop caused an intensive mass mortality in the reef flat communities along the windward reefs of Guam, killing virtually all macroscopic organisms within the inner reef flat of Pago Bay. Many macro-benthic animal populations killed there consisted predominantly of adult individuals.

Recovery of the benthic communities to pre-mortality conditions was incomplete on the inner reef flat of Pago Bay within a three year period. Corals, echinoderms, and some gastropod populations showed little recovery. The mass-mortality in 1972 appeared to be more intensive than the one in 1968.

The abnormal sea level drops at Guam and other tropical Pacific Islands within the Equatorial Current System are probably related to episodic anomalities in large scale oceanographic conditions. Local conditions such as wind stress may modify the magnitude of such fluctuations. The extensive sea level drops at Guam occurred mostly in winter months and they were well correlated with the lower than average sea levels in preceding summer months. The latter may be monitored as forerunners for predicting abnormal sea level drops on Guam.
Micronesica 11 (2): 227-243, 1975.
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sea_level_fluctuations_and_mass_mortality_of_reef_animals_in_guam_mariana_islands_by_yamaguchi_m._-micronesica_vol.11_no.2_dec._1975_o.pdf (1.57 MB)
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