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ARTICLES

1. Apuron, A.S. 1993. Invocation. Micronesica. 26(1): 5 Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Invocation

Apuron, A.S.

Let us pray. Gracious God, we gather this day with specialists from Guam, Hawaii and Tokyo in order to discuss the problem of Guam toxic seaweed which, unfortunately, has taken the lives of several of our people. It is our hope and prayer that through this conference we, as a concerned community, may foster a relationship with research partners in the scientific, medical and environmental fields that will eventually find the cause of this tragic event. Father, bless all those assembled here; the specialists, doctors, officials and all those who are concerned that we find a solution to the problem of our toxic seaweed. Bless, in a special way, the organizers of this conference, Drs. Edwardo Cruz, Aurora Cabanero, James Stadler and John Steele, the Guam Memorial Hospital Authority and its Board of Trustees and all those who, in one way or another, were involved in this project. May our gathering prove successful and be but the beginning of a more intensive search for answers and cures, in the hope that someday soon we may rid ourselves of this blight which preys upon our most precious ones. We make this prayer through Jesus Christ, your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with you in the Holy Spirit, one God for ever and ever. Amen. In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 26(1): 5 1993.

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2. Camacho, P.D. 1993. Welcome to the Conference. Micronesica. 26(1): 7 Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Welcome to the Conference

Camacho, P.D.

Good afternoon Lt. Governor Blas, Archbishop Apuron, Trustee Taitano, distinguished guests. On behalf of the Board of Trustees and the Guam Memorial Hospital Authority, I would like to welcome you all to the Guam Toxic Seaweed Scientific Conference. Last year attention was focused on Guam because of several tragic deaths. These individuals apparently had one thing in common: they had eaten a local seaweed prior to the onset of their illness. Physicians and other health professionals went beyond the call of duty in providing care for those patients at that time. The purpose of today's conference is to discuss the findings of research activities that have taken place since then and are related to that event. Information and discussion today will play a major role in the development of a medical management program in the event there is a reoccurrence of similar illness. We would like to extend our thanks to each of the conference participants for their contribution.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 26(1): 7 1993.

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3. Blas, F. 1993. Introductory Remarks. Micronesica. 26(1): 9-10. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Introductory Remarks

Blas, F.

Archbishop Apuron, Dr. Cruz, Mr. Camacho, distinguished panelists, distinguished visitors and friends from Guam: On behalf of the Governor and the people of Guam I would like to welcome you to this very important and vital conference. I add my kudos to the ones that have been expressed already to Dr. E. Cruz and his assistant Aurora Cabanero for coordinating the conference, and I congratulate them for taking a leading role in this very important issue. Each of you today is here to help us solve a mystery, a mystery as puzzling as anything Sherlock Holmes has ever had to solve, a mystery which we could call.. The Case of the Toxic Seaweed". While perhaps none of us here is a Sherlock Holmes, I want you to know that I'm very impressed by the level of expertise, the amount of knowledge, and the vast experience that the assembled panel brings to this conference. You will bring your collective wisdom to bear on this mystery as we attempt to solve this riddle. Many theories have been proposed, perhaps many more may yet be presented. Some of these theories may prove to be false leads but others may lead to the path of a solution.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 26(1): 9-10, 1993.

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Blas 1993	pdf 261_confart03.ed_.pdf (113.41 KB)	113.41 KB

4. Steele, J.C.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Common Marine Toxins. Micronesica. 26(1): 11-18. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Common Marine Toxins

Steele, J.C..

Ciguatera poisoning is the most frequently diagnosed type of marine food intoxication on Guam. It occurs world-wide in tropical areas but is more common in some regions than others. Large predatory reef fish are most likely to accumulate substantial levels of ciguatoxin in their flesh but there is no readily available way to tell which individual fish may be affected. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea and characteristic neurologic abnormalities. Treatment is symptomatic: no specific therapy is available although intravenous administration of mannitol has been recommended.

Micronesica 26(1): 11-18, 1993.

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5. Cruz, O.L.T.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Presentation of Patients at the Emergency Room. Micronesica. 26(1): 19-21. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Presentation of Patients at the Emergency Room

Cruz, O.L.T..

Four patients with histories of eating seaweed were seen at a hospital emergency room over a 6 hour period. They complained of difficulty breathing (3 patients), numbness, particularly of the lips and extremities (3), sweating (3), abdominal pain (3), diarrhea (3), vomiting (2), blurred vision (1), and twitching of facial muscles (1). Two patients described their paresthesias as a sensation that raindrops were falling on their skin. Laboratory tests were unremarkable except that one pa-tient had a slight increase in WBC's and one patient with breathing difficulty had an elevated blood CO₂. The clinician treating these patients felt that the symptoms were consistent with a diagnosis of ciguatera poisoning.

Micronesica 26(1): 19-21, 1993.

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Cruz 1993	pdf 261_confart05ed.pdf (163.76 KB)	163.76 KB

6. Roos, R.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Symptoms and Treatment of Cases. Micronesica. 26(1): 23-29. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Symptoms and Treatment of Cases

Roos, R..

Seven patients were seen in the Guam Memorial Hospital Emergency Room after ingesting a seaweed, Gracilaria tsudai. They typically presented with complaints of numbness and tingling sensation of the face and extremities, shortness of breath and general weakness. Most had abdominal symptoms including nausea, cramps, vomiting or diarrhea. Some had excessive tears and perspiration with skin cold to the touch. Five patients were admitted to hospital; these had developed low-grade fever, increased difficulty breathing as evidenced by laryngeal stridor or wheezing, elevated blood CO₂ and lowered blood pH, and localized muscle fasciculations. Three of these 5 patients subsequently developed generalized muscle fasciculations or tetanic seizures, increased respiratory difficulty, cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension before expiring.

Micronesica 26(1): 23-29, 1993.

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Roos 1993	pdf 261_confart06ed.pdf (435.75 KB)	435.75 KB

7. Loerzel, A.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Pathological Findings. Micronesica. 26(1): 31-32. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Pathological Findings

Loerzel, A..

Laboratory studies were not helpful in determining the agent responsible for an outbreak of illness associated with eating seaweed. Serum myoglobin levels, however, apparently had prognostic value and may be useful should similar cases occur in the future.

Micronesica 26(1): 31-32, 1993.

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Loerzel 1993	pdf 261_confart07ed.pdf (85.29 KB)	85.29 KB

8. Park, H.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Autopsy Findings. Micronesica. 26(1): 33-34. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Autopsy Findings

Park, H..

Pathological findings in 3 deaths due to acute seaweed intoxication were quite similar; there was generalized congestion and edema, the lungs were edematous, brains were swollen and edematous and, in 2 cases, the liver showed some fatty infiltration. The GI tracts were unremarkable except for petechial hemorrhage of the intestinal mucosa in one case.

Micronesica 26(1): 33-34, 1993.

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Park 1993	pdf 261_confart08ed.pdf (105.53 KB)	105.53 KB

9. Haddock, R.L.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Food Histories. Micronesica. 26(1): 35-38. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Food Histories

Haddock, R.L..

Interviews with all known victims of an apparent outbreak of foodborne intoxication showed that the only food eaten by all affected persons was a locally collected seaweed, Gracilaria tsudai. In each case the seaweed had been purchased from the same retail source; no persons who had eaten this species of seaweed purchased from other sources or collected by family members are known to have been ill.

Micronesica 26(1): 35-38, 1993.

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Haddock 1993	pdf 261_confart09ed.pdf (169.74 KB)	169.74 KB

10. Borja, M.B.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Environmental Studies. Micronesica. 26(1): 39-41. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Environmental Studies

Borja, M.B..

The site from which the poisonous seaweed was harvested is subjected to warm water and oil discharges from a power plant and, potentially, to sewage from an offshore outfall nearby.

Micronesica 26(1): 39-41, 1993.

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Borja 1993	pdf 261_confart10ed.pdf (194.6 KB)	194.6 KB

11. Natarajan, O.V.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Environmental Investigation and Actions. Micronesica. 26(1): 43-44. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Environmental Investigation and Actions

Natarajan, O.V..

Seaweed associated with an apparent common-source food poisoning outbreak on Guam was sold at a licensed food establishment. Inspection of the sites used for preparation and sale of the seaweed failed to identify a probable source of contamination or improper food handling procedures. Seaweed samples collected after the outbreak from several areas around Guam all contained low levels of toxins suggesting that these toxins may be endogenous rather than the result of envionmental contamination at a particular site.

Micronesica 26(1): 43-44, 1993.

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Natarajan 1993	pdf 261_confart11ed.pdf (118.92 KB)	118.92 KB

12. Paul, V.J.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Seaweed Testing on Guam. Micronesica. 26(1): 45-47. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Seaweed Testing on Guam

Paul, V.J..

In vitro and in vivo studies of aqueous and organic extracts of Gracilaria seaweed harvested from several sites on Guam have shown them to contain biotoxins which are believed to serve as natural deterrents to grazing by herbivorous fish. The highest levels of these toxins were observed in Gracilaria collected from the Tanguisson Beach area soon after an incident of human seaweed poisoning involving Gracilaria harvested from the same site.

Micronesica 26(1): 45-47, 1993.

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Paul 1993	pdf 261_confart12ed.pdf (177.08 KB)	177.08 KB

13. Bignami, G.S.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Hemolysis Neutralization Assay for Marine Toxins. Micronesica. 26(1): 49-52. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Hemolysis Neutralization Assay for Marine Toxins

Bignami, G.S..

The hemolytic action of palytoxin was exploited to develop a simple and sensitive assay with specificity based on a palytoxin neutralizing monoclonal antibody. A dilute suspension (0.2% v/v) of washed mouse erythrocytes in phosphate buffered saline was incubated with or without purified palytoxin at 37 °C in round bottom microtiter trays. Control wells produced a visible, discrete red cell pellet by 2 h; in the presence of palytoxin, the visible cell pellet was lysed. At 10 pg/mL palytoxin, the pellet is lysed by 4 h, and at the detection limit of activity, 1 pg/mL, lysis required 24 h. Hemolysis was inhibited by including 25 µg/mL of a neutralizing anti-palytoxin monoclonal antibody in the assay medium, thereby providing specificity for palytoxin. The assay selectively detected palytoxin in crude aqueous ethanolic extracts of Palythoa tuberculosa. Hemolytic activity associated with a crude extract of the seaweed Gracilaria tsudai was not inhibited by anti-palytoxin monoclonal antibody. The assay provides a simple, rapid, inexpensive and sensitive screening method for samples containing primarily palytoxin as the hemolytic agent.

Micronesica 26(1): 49-52, 1993.

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Bignami 1993	pdf 261_confart13ed.pdf (251.86 KB)	251.86 KB

14. Yasumoto, T.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Biochemistry of the Gracilaria Toxins. Micronesica. 26(1): 53-57. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Biochemistry of the Gracilaria Toxins

Yasumoto, T..

Previously undescribed toxic compounds were found to be present at relatively high levels in samples of Gracilaria tsudai seaweed collected on Guam soon after a food poisoning outbreak associated with eating that alga. These toxins, for which the names polycavernoside A and B are proposed, were subsequently present in much lower levels in Guam G. tsudai samples and have not been identified in seaweed samples from other areas.

Micronesica 26(1): 53-57, 1993.

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Yasumoto 1993	pdf 261_confart14ed.pdf (284.27 KB)	284.27 KB

15. Stadler, J.J.. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Questions, Answers and Comments Session. Micronesica. 26(1): 59-67. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.

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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Questions, Answers and Comments Session

Stadler, J.J..

DR. SCHROEDER: Dr. Yasumoto, have you established the dose response for this toxin and was there enough toxin present in the samples that you tested to explain the symptoms?

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 26(1): 59-67, 1993.

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Stadler 1993	pdf 261_confart15ed.pdf (509 KB)	509 KB

16. Randall, J.E. & R.F. Meyers.. 1993. Parupeneus moffitti, a New Goatfish (Perciformes: Mullidae) from the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 26(1): 69-75. Date Revised/Accepted: 18 September 1993.

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Parupeneus moffitti, a New Goatfish (Perciformes: Mullidae) from the Mariana Islands

Randall, J.E. & R.F. Meyers..

The mullid fish Parupeneus moffitti is described from three adult specimens collected in the Mariana Islands from depths of 120 and 230 m. It is distinct in having 15 pectoral rays, 7-8 + 28-30 gill rakers, long barbels (1.15 in head length), last dorsal and anal softrays distinctly longer than penultimate rays, and in color: red with a lighter red stripe on back below dorsal fins, bordered above and below by a row of indistinct small dark brown spots.

Micronesica 26(1): 69-75, 1993.

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Randall & Myers 1993	pdf 261_article01edb.pdf (395.1 KB)	395.1 KB

17. Randall, J.E. & R.F. Myers.. 1993. Ostichthys brachygnathus, a new Soldierfish (Beryciformes: Holocentridae) from Guam. Micronesica. 26(1): 77-81. Date Revised/Accepted: 22 October 1992.

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Ostichthys brachygnathus, a new Soldierfish (Beryciformes: Holocentridae) from Guam

Randall, J.E. & R.F. Myers..

The holocentrid fish Ostichthys brachygnathus is described from a single specimen collected in 230 m off Guam, Mariana Islands. It is distinct in having XII, 12 dorsal rays, the last spine shortest; 16 pectoral rays; 27 lateral-line scales; 2 1/2 scales above lateral line; and a short upper jaw, the maxilla not reaching to below posterior edge of orbit; the color is red, the centers of scales lighter than edges.

Micronesica 26(1): 77-81, 1993.

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Randall & Myers 1993	pdf 261_article02ed.pdf (254.15 KB)	254.15 KB

18. Epila-Otara, J.S.. 1993. Foraging Behavior of Honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Jatropha integerima (Euphorbiacae) in Upolu, Western Samoa. Micronesica. 26(1): 83-94. Date Revised/Accepted: 25 October 1992.

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Foraging Behavior of Honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Jatropha integerima (Euphorbiacae) in Upolu, Western Samoa

Epila-Otara, J.S..

Honeybees foraging on monoecious Jatropha integerima primarily (90%) sought nectar, but some foraged on pollen. Staminate and pistillate flowers were not distinguished from a distance but close-up, bees rejected pistillate flowers even though these had abundant nectar. Apparently the nectar is less accessible in pistillate flowers. Individual bees characteristically foraged along one level of J. integerima canopies. Foraging rhythms of honeybees were regulated by closure of petal platforms. Bees were not effective pollinators because the stigma lobes were approximately 3 mm above the backs of the foraging bees.

Micronesica 26(1): 83-94, 1993.

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Epila-Otara 1993	pdf 261_article03edb.pdf (596.24 KB)	596.24 KB

19. Craig, R.J.. 1993. Regeneration of Native Mariana Island Forest in Disturbed Habitats. Micronesica. 26(2): 99-108. Date Revised/Accepted: 02 April 1993.

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Regeneration of Native Mariana Island Forest in Disturbed Habitats

Craig, R.J..

The present vegetation of a habitat disturbed ca. 45 years ago on Saipan, Mariana Islands, was studied to determine the extent to which native trees have become reestablished, to gain insights into the mechanisms involved in natural reforestation, and to determine if natural reforestation offers any management lessons. In ten 10 X 5 m plots, all tree species present were enumerated and their basal areas measured in 4 vertical strata (canopy, sapling, shrub, seedling). Introduced species, particularly Leucaena leucocephala and Carica papaya, were proportionately most dense in the canopy and seedling layers, whereas native species, particularly Melanolepis multiglandulosa and Aidia cochinchinensis, reached their highest proportionate density in the shrub and sapling layers. Moreover, introduced species increased and native species declined in proportionate basal area from the shrub layer to the canopy. The great majority of native trees present were characterized by having small fleshy fruits, and were probably dispersed into the area by indigenous forest birds. Native tree species appear to be successfully recolonizing this site, and may eventually come to predominate if no additional human disturbance occurs. However, temporal shifts in vegetation composition seem likely to involve a complex interplay of seed dispersal agents, evolving microenvironments, plant competitive interactions, and external events such as typhoons. Several potential management strategies are described.

Micronesica 26(2): 99-108, 1993.

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Craig 1993	pdf 262_article_01ed.pdf (489.12 KB)	489.12 KB

20. South, G.R & A.R. N'Yeurt.. 1993. Contributions to a Catalogue of Benthic Marine Algae of Fiji. II. Caulerpa and Caulerpella (Chlorophyta-Caulerpales) . Micronesica. 26(2): 109-138. Date Revised/Accepted: 17 June 1993.

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Contributions to a Catalogue of Benthic Marine Algae of Fiji. II. Caulerpa and Caulerpella (Chlorophyta-Caulerpales)

South, G.R & A.R. N'Yeurt..

Twenty-three taxa in the genera Caulerpa Lamouroux and one species of Caulerpella Prud'homme van Reine and Lokhorst are reported from the Fiji Islands (including the island of Rotuma), South Pacific. A key to the species and sub-specific taxa, together with nomenclatural and taxonomic notes, descriptions, illustrations and notes on ecology and distribution are provided. The following five taxa are reported from Fiji and/or Rotuma for the first time: Caulerpa brachypus Harvey f. parvifolia (Harvey) Cribb; Caulerpa cupressoides (Yahl) C. Agardh var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse f. elegans (P. Crouan et H. Crouan) Weber-van Bosse; Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. boryana (J. Agardh) Gilbert f. occidentalis (Weber-van Bosse) Yamada and Tanaka; Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. occidentalis (J. Agardh) Borgesen; Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh var. turbinata (J. Agardh) Eubank.

Micronesica 26(2): 109-138, 1993.

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South & N'Yeurt 1993	pdf 262_article_02ed.pdf (1.62 MB)	1.62 MB

21. Abawi, F.G. & O. Diambra. 1993. Local Limestone as a Source of Calcium for Laying Hens on Guam . Micronesica. 26(2): 139-145. Date Revised/Accepted: 20 July 1993.

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Local Limestone as a Source of Calcium for Laying Hens on Guam

Abawi, F.G. & O. Diambra.

Guam has abundant limestone which contains an average of 33.75% calcium, comparable to imported commercial limestone. Nevertheless, poultry feeds have relied on imported limestone. In Experiment 1, layers of the commercial "Gold Links" cross were fed diets with 3.8% or 4.5% commercial or local limestone. Experiment 2 was conducted with older layers after the first molt. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of calcium from a local source (4, 4.5, and 5%) and 2 levels of calcium from the commercial source (4%, 5%). Egg production rate, feed efficiency, egg weight, shell thickness, shell weight and shell strength are all as good with local limestone (crushed coral) as with commercial limestone. Crushed coral at a slightly higher inclusion rate (4.5%) significantly improved feed consumption by laying hens as compared to the commercial source, with no apparent signs of toxicity.

Micronesica 26(2): 139-145, 1993.

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Abawi & Diambra 1993a	pdf 262_article_03aed.pdf (299.36 KB)	299.36 KB

22. Abawi, F.G. & O. Diambra. 1993. Leucaena Leaf Meal and Local Limestone in the Diet of Laying Hens. Micronesica. 26(2): 147-153. Date Revised/Accepted: 20 July 1993.

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Leucaena Leaf Meal and Local Limestone in the Diet of Laying Hens

Abawi, F.G. & O. Diambra.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate Leucaena leaf meal (LLM) with or without local limestone (crushed fossil coral) as a source of calcium and to compare LLM's merit with commercial dehydrated alfalfa meal (ALM). In Experiment l, one hundred and twenty-eight layers of the commercial "Gold Links" cross were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatment groups of 32 birds each in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of 3% ALM, 3% LLM, 0.1 mg/kg supplemental riboflavin, and a control. In Experiment 2, post molt layers were fed diets that consisted of two levels of LLM (0, 3%) and two sources of calcium (commercial limestone, crushed coral). Results of Experiment 1 indicates that LLM, at 3% inclusion without supplemental iron salts, is comparable to imported ALM. Both LLM and ALM diets significantly improved feed consumption (p < 0.05). In Experiment 2, LLM significantly improved feed consumption and hen-day egg production (p < 0.05), however shell thickness was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Hens receiving crushed coral diets maintained significantly higher egg production and body weight (p < 0.05), compared to those on commercial limestone. Source of calcium, and source of calcium X LLM interaction were also significant (p < 0.05) with respect to body weight.

Micronesica 26(2): 147-153, 1993.

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Abawi & Diambra 1993b	pdf 262_article_03bed.pdf (351.03 KB)	351.03 KB

23. Matson, E.A. 1993. Fecal Pollution in Guam's Coastal Waters and Sediments. Micronesica. 26(2): 155-175. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 July 1993.

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Fecal Pollution in Guam's Coastal Waters and Sediments

Matson, E.A.

Waters near three of Guam's wastewater treatment plants (STPs) were sampled monthly during 1989 for fecal coliform bacteria (FCs) at shoreline stations. Also, both shoreline and offshore sites were sampled quarterly for FCs and several other water quality parameters (pH, salinity, temperature, oxygen, turbidity, nitrates, and phosphates). In 1990-1991, densities of fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were measured in sediments of coastal recreational waters, as well as in urban street water runoff.
Of all water quality parameters measured, only fecal coliform bacteria, reactive phosphate, and ammonium were detectable in the receiving waters once the effluents had been sufficiently mixed with seawater so as to be undetectable with salinity measurements. Fecal bacteria were detected further from effluents and for longer periods than phosphate or ammonium. Non-point sources of fecal contamination (e.g. street runoff) are by far the worse source of fecal contamination of Guam's coastal waters.
High numbers of indicator bacteria are commonly encountered (46% frequency) in sediments that underlie otherwise indicator-free recreational waters and therefore pose an unacknowledged and unmonitored potential health risk to recreational users. In vitro laboratory experiments showed Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. could survive for up to three weeks in autoclaved coastal sediments that normally underlie indicator-free waters. Simple weekly monitoring of surface waters does not supply an adequate warning of the possibility of exposure to potential hazards, often misses contamination events due to street runoff, and may mislead the public into believing that health hazards occur only in surface waters and not in the underlying sediments

Micronesica 26(2): 155-175, 1993.

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Matson 1993	pdf 262_article_04ed.pdf (941.02 KB)	941.02 KB

24. South, G.R., N'Yeurt, A.R. & R.A. Raj-Prasad. 1993. Additions and Amendments to the Benthic Marine Algal Flora of Fiji, Including the Island of Rotum. Micronesica. 26(2): 177-198. Date Revised/Accepted: 07 May 1993.

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Additions and Amendments to the Benthic Marine Algal Flora of Fiji, Including the Island of Rotum

South, G.R., N'Yeurt, A.R. & R.A. Raj-Prasad.

Fifty-two new records of benthic marine algae from the Fiji Islands (including the first algal records from the island of Rotuma) are reported, comprising 16 Cyanophyceae, 8 Chlorophyceae, 5 Phaeophyceae, and 23 Rhodophyceae. Included among the new records are species found for the first time at sites other than the type locality (Streblonema minutulum Heydrich described from Papua New Guinea, and Meristotheca procumbens P. Gabrielson et Kraft, described from Lord Howe Island), and others showing a disjunct northern-southern hemisphere distribution [e.g. Phaeophila dendroides (P. Crouan et H. Crouan) Batters, and Rosenvingea orientalis (J. Agardh) Borgesen]. With this list and previously published reports, a total of 383 species of benthic algae is now known from Fiji; on-going studies indicate that this might represent 65-70% of the flora; the cyanophycean flora is especially rich and as yet inadequately described.

Micronesica 26(2): 177-198, 1993.

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File Name	File Type (view/download)	File Size
South, N'Yeurt & Raj-Prasad 1993	pdf 262_article_05ed.pdf (1.09 MB)	1.09 MB

25. Wiles, G.J., Beck, R.E., Aguon, C.F. & K.D. Orcutt. 1993. Recent Bird Records for the Southern Mariana Islands, with Notes on a Colony of Black Noddies on Cocos Island, Guam . Micronesica. 26(2): 199-215. Date Revised/Accepted: 15 July 1993.

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Recent Bird Records for the Southern Mariana Islands, with Notes on a Colony of Black Noddies on Cocos Island, Guam

Wiles, G.J., Beck, R.E., Aguon, C.F. & K.D. Orcutt.

This paper documents noteworthy bird records, involving 28 species, for Guam, Rota and Saipan in the southern Mariana Islands of western Micronesia. Most are new records for the islands noted, or confirm earlier hypothetical records of a species for an island. One photographic record is provided to confirm a previous sight record. The following observers participated in sighting, recording, or evaluating the records: C. F. Aguon (CA), R. D. Anderson (RA), R. E. Ballard (BB), E. R. Beck (EB), R. E. Beck, Jr. (RB), T. Clements (TC), P. J. Conry (PC), R. Cruz (RC), R. E. David (RD), G. Davis (GD), R. Frew (RF), D. R. Herter (DH), D.S. Klotzback (SK), A. F. Maben (AM), R. E. Mumford, Jr. (RM), G. Neubauer (GN), K. D. Orcutt (KO), S. L. Pimm (SP), J. D. Reichel (JR), C. G. Rice (CR), M. W. Ritter (MR), R.H. Rons (HR), M. Santana-Bendix (MSB), D. W. Stinson (DS), T. Sutterfield (TSu), T. M. Sweet (TSw), G. J. Wiles (GW), G. J. Witteman (GWt), and E. Wood (EW). Agencies and institutions named in the text are abbreviated as follows: Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources (GOAWR), Museum National d'Historie Naturelle (MNHP), and Na-tional Museum of Natural History (USNM).

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Micronesica 26(2): 199-215, 1993.

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26. Grant, G.S. 1993. Thermoregulatory Extension of Feet in Flying Sooty Terns. Micronesica. 26(2): 217-219. Date Revised/Accepted: 30 August 1993.

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Thermoregulatory Extension of Feet in Flying Sooty Terns

Grant, G.S.

Sooty Terns (Sternafuscata) on Rose Atoll, American Samoa, extended their feet to keep cool.

Micronesica 26(2): 217-219, 1993.

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27. Olsen, A.R. 1993. Observation of Unusual Courtship Behavior of the Spider Nephila maculata (Fabricius) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) in Palau. Micronesica. 26(2): 221-225. Date Revised/Accepted: 13 September 1993.

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Observation of Unusual Courtship Behavior of the Spider Nephila maculata (Fabricius) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) in Palau

Olsen, A.R.

In 1991, differences were observed between the courtship behavior exhibited by N. maculata in Palau and typical behavior reported for this species in Papua New Guinea. A female Palauan spider exhibited a courtship display that was omitted from courtship by the Papua New Guinea spiders. Male Papua New Guinea spiders exhibit web-binding of the female's appendages during courtship that the Palauan spiders omitted during 19 otherwise typical courtship behavior sequences.

Micronesica 26(2): 221-225, 1993.

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28. Lorenz, B. 1993. Book Review: Selected Bibliography of 20th Century Geoscience and Related Scientific Literature of Micronesia. Micronesica. 26(2): 227 Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1993.

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Book Review: Selected Bibliography of 20th Century Geoscience and Related Scientific Literature of Micronesia

Lorenz, B.

Where could you find information about past earthquakes on Guam? You could start your search by reaching for your copy of Dr. Siegrist's Bibliography of 20th Century Geoscience and looking under the heading of "Geophysics and Tectonics." There you would find, among other references, Rapetti's "Catalogue of earthquakes felt in Guam, 1825-1938."

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Micronesica 26(2): 227 1993.

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29. Raulerson, L. 1993. Book Review: Flowers of the Pacific Island Seashore. Micronesica. 26(2): 227-228. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1993.

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Book Review: Flowers of the Pacific Island Seashore

Raulerson, L.

This popular guide to seashore plants depicts, in color 120 species, most of which are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical Pacific. A previous book by the same author, Coastal Flowers of the Tropical Pacific (1980), contained treatments of only 65 species. A special feature is the artful juxtaposition of flowers and fruits in a single photo, which certainly helps in the identification of species.

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Micronesica 26(2): 227-228, 1993.

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Raulerson 1993	pdf 262_article_09-10ed.pdf (85.25 KB)	85.25 KB