35-36

Volume 35-36
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Marine biodiversity of Guam and the Marianas.

ARTICLES

1. Paulay, G. 2003. Marine biodiversity of Guam and the Marianas: overview. Micronesica. 35-36: 3-25.
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Marine biodiversity of Guam and the Marianas: overview

Paulay, G.

The objective of this volume is to document the marine biodiversity of Guam, a small island at the southern end of the Mariana island arc. Guam has the best-documented marine biota in Micronesia, and affords a glimpse at the great biodiversity of Pacific island reefs. The papers that follow strive to provide a critical inventory of the marine biota of Guam, with less comprehensive coverage of other Mariana Islands. Diatoms are the only previously studied group not included. This paper serves to introduce and overview this effort, the Marine Biodiversity Survey of Guam. The environmental setting and marine habitats of the Marianas are briefly reviewed, followed by a description of the methods and resources used for the survey. A brief overview is presented of what we know and how much remains to be learned about species richness of major taxa in the region. Of the 6172 species listed in this volume, 5640 are recorded from marine habitats in the Marianas. This represents the greatest marine diversity recorded for any area of comparable size. Nevertheless most taxa remain poorly known, and the daily discovery of new records shows that even the most intensively surveyed groups remain incompletely studied and that the actual marine diversity of these islands is much greater.
Micronesica 35-36: 3-25, 2003.
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Paulay 2003
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1-intro.pdf (429.48 KB)
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2. Eldredge, L.G. 2003. A retrospective look at Guam's marine biodiversity. Micronesica. 35-36: 26-37.
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A retrospective look at Guam's marine biodiversity

Eldredge, L.G.

For marine biodiversity studies at Guam, note is made of early discoverers to the 1900s and the beginning of scientific investigations through World War II. Specific activities surrounding Acanthaster planci are noted as they led to the development of the University of Guam Marine Laboratory with comments on the Marine Lab’s role in Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas to the present. Former and current faculty, graduate students, and visiting researcher activities are reported.
Micronesica 35-36: 26-37, 2003.
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Eldredge 2003
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2-history.pdf (146.24 KB)
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3. Richardson, S.L. & R.N. Clayshulte. 2003. An annotated checklist of Foraminifera of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 38-53.
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An annotated checklist of Foraminifera of Guam

Richardson, S.L. & R.N. Clayshulte.

This paper presents a checklist of 303 species of benthic and planktic Foraminifera from the marine waters off Guam, based on literature records and new collections. Notations on taxonomic synonymies and depositories of type and identified specimens are included in the list.
Micronesica 35-36: 38-53, 2003.
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Richardson et al 2003
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3-forams.pdf (1.18 MB)
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4. Lobban, C.S. & R.T. Tsuda. 2003. Revised checklist of benthic marine macroalgae and seagrasses of Guam and Micronesia. Micronesica. 35-36: 54-99.
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Revised checklist of benthic marine macroalgae and seagrasses of Guam and Micronesia

Lobban, C.S. & R.T. Tsuda.

We have compiled the new records and nomenclatural changes since Tsuda & Wray’s 1977 checklist and Tsuda’s 1981a addendum. There are now 653 species of benthic marine algae reported from Micronesia: 85 species of Cyanophyta, 324 Rhodophyta, 58 Heterokontophyta (including 54 Phaeophyceae), and 186 Chlorophyta. We document here 40 new records for Guam. The total for Guam is now 237 species: 26 Cyanophyta, 109 Rhodophyta, 31 Heterokontophyta (including 27 Phaeophyceae), and 71 Chlorophyta. We have included 3 Pelagophyceae and 1 Bacillariophyceae (diatom) that form macroscopic colonies, as well as the 10 species of seagrasses (Magnoliophyta) that occur in the region.
Micronesica 35-36: 54-99, 2003.
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Lobban et al 2003
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4-seaweeds1.pdf (447.52 KB)
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5. Kelly, M, J. Hooper, V.J. Paul, G. Paulay, R. van Soest & W. de Weerdt. 2003. Taxonomic inventory of the sponges (Porifera) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 100-120.
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Taxonomic inventory of the sponges (Porifera) of the Mariana Islands

Kelly, M, J. Hooper, V.J. Paul, G. Paulay, R. van Soest & W. de Weerdt.

We review the sponge fauna of the Mariana Islands based on new and existing collections, and literature records. 124 species of siliceous sponges (Class Demospongiae) and 4 species of calcareous sponges (Class Calcarea) have been identified to date, representing 73 genera, 44 families, within 16 orders. Several species are adventive. Approximately 30% (40) of the species encountered are undescribed, but not all are endemics, as the authors know them from other locations. Approximately 30% (38) of the species are known from diverse locations within the Indo West Pacific, but several well-known, widespread species are absent. The actual diversity of sponge fauna of the Marianas is considerably higher, as many species, especially cryptic and encrusting taxa, remain to be collected and studied.
Micronesica 35-36: 100-120, 2003.
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6. Randall, R.H. 2003. An annotated checklist of hydrozoan and scleractinian corals collected from Guam and other Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 121-137.
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An annotated checklist of hydrozoan and scleractinian corals collected from Guam and other Mariana Islands

Randall, R.H.

An annotated checklist of scleractinian and hydrozoan corals that have been collected from the Mariana Islands archipelago is presented for a special volume of Micronesica titled “The Marine Biodiversity of Guam and the Marianas.” A total of 403 scleractinian and hydrozoan coral species representing 21 families and 108 genera are listed for the Mariana Islands. A total of 112 species are listed that have not been previously recorded from the Mariana Islands. Twelve of the new listings are azooxanthellate hydrozoan species, and of the 100 new scleractinians listed 25 are zooxanthellate species and 75 are azooxanthellate species. Each listed species is accompanied with a literature citation that provides a photographic illustration and a representative voucher specimen, or the authors field collection note citation and a representative voucher specimen when a published record was not available. 
Micronesica 35-36: 121-137, 2003.
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Randall 2003
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7. Paulay, G., M.P. Puglisi & J.A. Starmer. 2003. The non-scleractinian Anthozoa (Cnidaria) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 138-155.
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The non-scleractinian Anthozoa (Cnidaria) of the Mariana Islands

Paulay, G., M.P. Puglisi & J.A. Starmer.

The non-scleractinian Anthozoa of the Marianas are reviewed based on literature records and new surveys. Six zoanthids, 8 corallimorpharians, 26 actiniarians, 3 ceriantharians, 10 antipatharians, and 79 octocorals are recorded. The zoanthid, corallimorpharian, and shallow water gorgonian faunas of Guam are relatively well characterized, although many locally recognized forms remain to be identified to species. Soft corals are relatively well surveyed taxonomically, although information about many species remains limited, due to difficulty of field identification. While large-bodied actiniarians are well known, small species remain little studied. Ceriantharians remain poorly known, while antipatharian records are based on a single deep-water survey in the southern Marianas. A rich deep-water octocoral fauna has been collected, but remains to be studied.
Micronesica 35-36: 138-155, 2003.
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Paulay et al 2003
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7-anthozoans.pdf (477.95 KB)
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8. Gershwin, M-L. 2003. Scyphozoa and Cubozoa of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 156-158.
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Scyphozoa and Cubozoa of Guam

Gershwin, M-L.

The jellyfishes of Guam are poorly known. This preliminary report comprises at least three species of Cubozoa and six species of Scyphozoa. The discovery of additional species is probable.
Micronesica 35-36: 156-158, 2003.
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Gershwin 2003
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9. Kirkendale, L. & D.R. Calder. 2003. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). Micronesica. 35-36: 159-188.
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Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI)

Kirkendale, L. & D.R. Calder.

This report provides the first general account of the marine hydroids (Leptolida), excluding Milleporidae and Stylasteridae, of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). The siphonophore Physalia physalis is also recorded from the region. Seventeen families and 43 species, a majority of them (80%) leptothecates, are listed in our preliminary assay of the fauna. Of these species, 42 are from Guam and 17 from the CNMI. Of those from the CNMI, 16 were collected from Saipan in the Southern Marianas Islands and one from Maug in the Northern Marianas Islands. The diversity of hydroids from this area, as currently known, is briefly compared with that of several oceanic island systems elsewhere that have been more thoroughly surveyed. From this comparison, we conclude that the shallow-water hydroid fauna of Guam and vicinity is still inadequately known and likely comprises 100 species or more. Reported distributions of species identified here were examined in order to judge whether they might be introduced to the study area. Select species found on artificial substrata in the harbor are evidence of a possible anthropogenic introduction, however, we believe the majority are long-term inhabitants of the study area. We base this on their widespread distribution and their capacity for long-range transport, especially by rafting on phoretic substrata. No endemics were represented.
Micronesica 35-36: 159-188, 2003.
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Kirkendale et al 2003
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10. Newman, L.J., G. Paulay & R. Ritson-Williams. 2003. Checklist of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes) from Micronesian coral reefs. Micronesica. 35-36: 189-199.
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Checklist of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes) from Micronesian coral reefs

Newman, L.J., G. Paulay & R. Ritson-Williams.

We record 68 species of polyclad flatworms from new material (all photo-documented) and 28 species from literature records, for a total diversity of 88 species for Micronesia. Up to 60% of the encountered species may be undescribed. Guam has the largest recorded fauna with 59 species, followed by 28 species known from Palau. Pseudocerotidae comprise 58% of documented species, and more than 3 times as many cotyleans than acotyleans are documented. This study shows that the polyclad fauna of Micronesia is diverse yet poorly known, and highlights the need for further work.
Micronesica 35-36: 189-199, 2003.
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10-flatworms.pdf (216.99 KB)
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11. Bailey-Brock, J.H. 2003. Coral reef polychaetes of Guam and Saipan, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 200-217.
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Coral reef polychaetes of Guam and Saipan, Mariana Islands

Bailey-Brock, J.H.

Polychaetes are important food resources of reef fishes and invertebrates. Some are indicators of environmental perturbation and reef condition. Species inventory recognizing native and alien species is important to regulatory agencies. Polychaetes collected from coastal habitats of Guam and Saipan, with published records, raise the known number of species from Guam to 104 and from Saipan to 51. The number from Saipan is an underestimate based on collections in many shallow reef habitats identified by Hartman, two short visits by the author and a few specimens sent by a resident. Infaunal polychaetes in sand, rock crevices, and those removed from the digestive tracts of gastropods (Conus spp.), belong to 30 families, 25 known from Guam, 20 from Saipan with five of these only recorded from Saipan. Polychaetes are listed by family with collection site(s). Authors of published records are given for each species. Comparisons of community structure based on species richness, common taxa, and trophic guilds with those of West Pacific, Hawai‘ian and East Indian Ocean locations are made. Using published records and quantitative data available only for some islands, reef polychaete communities of Guam are similar to those of Hawai‘i, Enewetak, and Indonesia in species composition and density. More collections and taxonomic studies would add more species to presently under-represented families in Guam e.g. the Spionidae, Phyllodocidae, Eunicidae and Polynoidae. Families common on Guam reefs and in the Indo-West Pacific are the Syllidae, Serpulidae and Spirorbidae. Recently introduced polychaetes include, Oenone fulgida, Timarete caribous, Thelepus setosus and Sabellastarte spectabilis collected from the floating dry dock facility ‘Machinist’ one week after arriving in Apra Harbor from Hawai‘i. The serpulid, Salmacina dysteri, was also on the dry dock, but had been recorded earlier from Guam. This species most likely reached Guam on the hull of a vessel in transit across the Pacific Ocean.
Micronesica 35-36: 200-217, 2003.
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Bailey-Brock 2003
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12. Paulay, G. 2003. Marine Bivalvia (Mollusca) of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 218-243.
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Marine Bivalvia (Mollusca) of Guam

Paulay, G.

The marine bivalves of Guam are documented from new collections and 339 species recorded. Nevertheless Guam’s fauna remains imperfectly known and is estimated to be considerably more diverse. Such high diversity on a local scale in the west-central Pacific suggests that bivalve diversity in the Indo-west Pacific is much higher than previously recorded. Pteriomorphs and heterodonts dominate Guam’s fauna, while protobranchs and anomalodesmatans comprise only four species. Galeommatids represent the most species rich family, even though they are uncommon in samples.
Micronesica 35-36: 218-243, 2003.
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Paulay 2003
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13. Smith, B.D. 2003. Prosobranch gastropods of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 244-270.
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Prosobranch gastropods of Guam

Smith, B.D.

Based on records from invertebrate collections at the University of Guam, specimens cataloged at other institutions, and the published literature, there are 895 species of prosobranch gastropods from Guam. The vast majority of the species are marine, but terrestrial and aquatic prosobranchs are included. Most the species recorded to date are conspicuous, epibenthic species from shallow reef habitats, but some species have been taken from depths up to 400 m. Microgastropods less than 7 mm in size have been poorly investigated to date. Comparison of prosobranch gastropods from Guam and Enewetak reveal that some 56% of the species occurring at Enewetak are found in Guam.
Micronesica 35-36: 244-270, 2003.
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14. Carlson, C.H. & P.J. Hoff. 2003. The opisthobranchs of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 271-293.
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The opisthobranchs of the Mariana Islands

Carlson, C.H. & P.J. Hoff.

The opisthobranch fauna of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas (CNMI) is listed based on existing collections and literature records. 485 species have been identified with approximately half of these being undescribed. The actual diversity of the opisthobranchs for the Marianas is likely considerably higher, due to limited collecting in several areas of Guam and few collections made in the CNMI. That the documented opisthobranch fauna is nevertheless one of the most diverse known, implies that the opisthobranch species richness in truly megadiverse locations like Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, will be found to be several times as high as currently documented.
Micronesica 35-36: 271-293, 2003.
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15. Ward, L.A. 2003. The cephalopods of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 294-302.
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The cephalopods of Guam

Ward, L.A.

The cephalopod fauna of Guam is reviewed and 21 species recorded from the island together with an additional species known at present only from Pagan (Northern Mariana Islands). The known fauna is comprised of one cuttlefish, one neritic squid and 19 species of octopus. At present only three of the octopus species are identified to species; several of the unidentified species are undescribed.
Micronesica 35-36: 294-302, 2003.
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15-cephalopods.pdf (134.58 KB)
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16. Gustav, P. 2003. An annotated checklist of the shallow water Cirripedia of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 303-314.
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An annotated checklist of the shallow water Cirripedia of Guam

Gustav, P.

Twenty-four species of barnacles are recorded from Guam and two additional species from neighboring Saipan in the Mariana Islands. Shore barnacles (12 species) and coral barnacles (9 species) dominate the known fauna. Numerous species remain to be documented, especially subtidally.
Micronesica 35-36: 303-314, 2003.
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16-barnacles.pdf (166.69 KB)
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17. Ahyong, S.T. & M.V. Erdmann. 2003. The stomatopod Crustacea of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 315-352.
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The stomatopod Crustacea of Guam

Ahyong, S.T. & M.V. Erdmann.

Thirty-two species of stomatopod crustaceans are reported from Guam and 2 additional species from the Northern Marianas. Twenty-seven are recorded for the first time from the region. Three new species, Chorisquilla kroppi, Mortensenenus paulay and Parvisquilla dominguez are described. Manningia zehntneri Manning 1974, Pullosquilla malayensis (Manning 1968), Haptosquilla tanensis (Fukuda 1911a), and Hoplosquilla said Erdmann & Manning 1998, previously known only from their respective type localities, are reported for the first time since they were first described.
Micronesica 35-36: 315-352, 2003.
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17-stomatopods.pdf (527.21 KB)
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18. Leberer, T. & Y. Cai. 2003. Shrimps of the family Atyidae from Guam, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 353-358.
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Shrimps of the family Atyidae from Guam, Mariana Islands

Leberer, T. & Y. Cai.

There are at least 6 species of atyid shrimp found on the island of Guam, including one undescribed species. Probably only two species have previously been recorded correctly from the island. Specimens were collected from a wide range of locations and habitat types, including inland freshwater, brackish and anchialine. Most of them are widespread in the Indo-Pacific region. Atyoida pilipes was the most common atyid in collections. Guam’s stream atyids are considered amphidromous, developing in the marine environment as larvae and living in freshwater as adults. Reproduction for the hypogeal species is less well understood. Although some of the species mentioned in this paper are new records for the island, all recorded species are considered native to Guam.
Micronesica 35-36: 353-358, 2003.
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18-atyids.pdf (139.88 KB)
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19. Kensley, B. 2003. Axioid shrimps from Guam (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea). Micronesica. 35-36: 359-384.
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Axioid shrimps from Guam (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea)

Kensley, B.

Eleven species of axioid shrimps are recorded from the shallow waters of Guam. Of these, only Marianaxius kroppi, Neaxius acanthus, and Paraxiopsis bisquamosa were previously known from the Marianas Islands. Four species are described as new: Axiopsis pica (apparently closely related to the widely distributed A. serratifrons), and Paraxiopsis paulayi and P. plumosimanus. Paraxiopsis majuro from the Marshall Islands is also described. The second record for Bouvieraxius springeri, originally described from the Philippines, and the second record of Marianaxius kroppi, described from Guam, are noted. A new genus, Manaxius, is diagnosed for Axiopsis pitatucensis De Man, 1925, as this species does not agree with the diagnoses of either Axiopsis or Spongiaxius, nor with any other axiid genus.
Micronesica 35-36: 359-384, 2003.
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19-axiids.pdf (3.17 MB)
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20. Tan, S.H. & P.K.L. Ng. 2003. The Parthenopinae of Guam (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parthenopidae). Micronesica. 35-36: 385-416.
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The Parthenopinae of Guam (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parthenopidae)

Tan, S.H. & P.K.L. Ng.

Eight species of parthenopid crabs of the subfamily Parthenopinae are recorded from Guam. A new species of Aulacolambrus Paul’son 1875, is described. Two other species, Aulacolambrus hoplonotus (Adams & White 1849) and Rhinolambrus rudis (Rathbun 1916) are new records. The poorly known Lambrus pugilator A. Milne-Edwards 1873, not found since its original description is now reported from Guam and is referred to a new genus, Certolambrus. Heterocrypta petrosa Klunzinger 1906, a new record for Guam, is shown to be generically distinct from Heterocrypta Stimpson 1871b, and placed in a new genus, Furtipodia, together with a new species, F. gemma. Cryptopodia investigatoris Alcock 1895, and Heterocrypta bivallata Flipse 1930, are synonyms of Cryptopodia contracta Stimpson 1857; Cryptopodia angusta Rathbun 1916, is a junior synonym of Heterocrypta transitans Ortmann 1893; and Heterocrypta transitans is transferred to Cryptopodia. A new genus and new species, Neikolambrus polemistes, which shares characteristics of both Rhinolambrus and Pseudolambrus, is also described.
Micronesica 35-36: 385-416, 2003.
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21. Ng, P.K.L. & M. Takeda. 2003. Atoportunus, a remarkable new genus of cryptic swimming crab (Crustacea; Decapoda; Brachyura: Portunidae), with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Micronesica. 35-36: 417-430.
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Atoportunus, a remarkable new genus of cryptic swimming crab (Crustacea; Decapoda; Brachyura: Portunidae), with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-West Pacific

Ng, P.K.L. & M. Takeda.

A new genus of chalicophilous and cavernicolous swimming crab (Portunidae), Atoportunus, and two new species, A. gustavi and A. pluto, are described from Guam, Japan, Hawaii and Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). This is the first such portunid known, and has all the features associated with an obligate cavernicolous lifestyle, viz. reduced coloration, elongated appendages and reduced eyes.
Micronesica 35-36: 417-430, 2003.
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22. Ng, P.K.L. & N.K. Ng. 2003. Conleyus defodio, a new genus and new species of carcinoplacine crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacidae) from deep rubble beds in Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 431-439.
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Conleyus defodio, a new genus and new species of carcinoplacine crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Goneplacidae) from deep rubble beds in Guam

Ng, P.K.L. & N.K. Ng.

A new genus and new species of carcinoplacine crab is described from the rubble beds of Guam. The external appearance of Conleyus defodio resembles members of Planopilumnus (Planopilumninae) but its reproductive structures are typically carcinoplacine.
Micronesica 35-36: 431-439, 2003.
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23. Castro, P. 2003. The trapeziid crabs (Brachyura) of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands, with the description of a new species of Trapezia Latreille, 1828. Micronesica. 35-36: 440-455.
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The trapeziid crabs (Brachyura) of Guam and Northern Mariana Islands, with the description of a new species of Trapezia Latreille, 1828

Castro, P.

Twenty species of trapeziid crabs symbiotic with hermatypic corals are recorded from Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. Of these, fourteen belong to Trapezia (one of which is new to science), four to Tetralia, and two to Tetraloides. Five previously described species are new records for the region.
Micronesica 35-36: 440-455, 2003.
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23-trapeziids.pdf (8.08 MB)
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24. Paulay, G., R. Kropp, P.K.L. Ng & L.G. Eldredge. 2003. The crustaceans and pycnogonids of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 456-513.
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The crustaceans and pycnogonids of the Mariana Islands

Paulay, G., R. Kropp, P.K.L. Ng & L.G. Eldredge.

The crustacean and pycnogonid fauna of the Mariana Islands is reviewed, and 839 crustacean and 15 pycnogonid species are documented from the archipelago based on literature records and new collections, including 272 new records. Voucher specimens are listed for 615 and photographic records (see http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/reefs) for 358 species. The bulk of the fauna is marine, including 12 terrestrial and 12 freshwater decapods with marine larvae. Three copepods and 6 cladocerans comprise the known freshwater fauna, and 25 peracarids are currently documented on land. Coverage reflects a taxonomically uneven effort, and is strongly biased toward macrocrustaceans, with decapods accounting for 84% and crabs for 50% of the recorded marine crustacean diversity.
Micronesica 35-36: 456-513, 2003.
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25. Cheng, L. & W.N. Mathis. 2003. Marine insects of Guam: Heteroptera and Diptera. Micronesica. 35-36: 514-522.
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Marine insects of Guam: Heteroptera and Diptera

Cheng, L. & W.N. Mathis.

A list of marine Heteroptera and Diptera currently known from Guam is given. Some notes on biology and distribution are also included.
Micronesica 35-36: 514-522, 2003.
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25-insects.pdf (120.35 KB)
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26. Kirkendale, L. & C.G. Messing. 2003. An annotated checklist and key to the Crinoidea of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 523-546.
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An annotated checklist and key to the Crinoidea of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands

Kirkendale, L. & C.G. Messing.

Twenty-one species of crinoids in six families are now known from the Marianas Islands, 17 species from Guam and 10 from the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). This paper adds nine previously unreported crinoid species each to Guam and the CNMI. The nomenclature of all 21 species is reviewed and updated following Rowe et al. (1986), Hoggett and Rowe (1986) and Messing (1995,1998a). One apparently juvenile comasterid does not fit comfortably in any known genus and may represent a new taxon. A simple key to the shallow-water species of Guam is included. Crinoid faunal diversity on Guam is compared with that known elsewhere in the Indo-West Pacific.
Micronesica 35-36: 523-546, 2003.
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27. Starmer, J.A. 2003. An annotated checklist of ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 547-562.
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An annotated checklist of ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from Guam

Starmer, J.A.

Forty-seven ophiuroid species are recorded from the island of Guam. One species, Ophiarthum pictum, is known only from the literature. Ophiuroids identified as Ophiolepis cf. cincta may represent an undescribed species. Specimens of Ophiocoma cf. erinaceus and Ophionereis cf. fusca, respectively, display previously unrecorded structural and color characters. Amphiura duncani was found only in Apra Harbor and may be introduced.
Micronesica 35-36: 547-562, 2003.
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28. Gustav, P. 2003. The Asteroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 563-583.
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The Asteroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Mariana Islands

Gustav, P.

The asteroid, echinoid, and holothuroid faunas of the Mariana Islands are reviewed and 35, 53, and 47 species recorded, respectively. Four asteroids, 28 echinoids, and 9 holothuroids are newly recorded for the archipelago. Together with 21 crinoids (Kirkendale & Messing 2003) and 47 ophiuroids (Starmer 2003), the echinoderm fauna of the archipelago now stands at 202 species, with 196 of these known from Guam. That 41% of the echinoderms of the Marianas were hitherto undocumented demonstrates how poorly known even these large, popular, and much-studied marine invertebrates are in the tropical Pacific, even at extensively surveyed locations such as Guam. Holothuria guamensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 is placed in synonymy of Actinopyga mauritiana (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833).
Micronesica 35-36: 563-583, 2003.
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29. Lambert, G. 2003. Marine biodiversity of Guam: the Ascidiacea. Micronesica. 35-36: 584-593.
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Marine biodiversity of Guam: the Ascidiacea

Lambert, G.

Between 1998 and 2000 the first comprehensive collections ever made of ascidians in Guam were carried out, mainly by snorkeling and SCUBA; a few deeper samples were collected by dredging. Artificial substrates in harbors, such as buoys, wharf pilings and marina floats, were sampled in addition to numerous natural coral reef sites. Approximately 117 species in 32 genera have been catalogued, though some of the species are not yet fully identified. The collection includes 87 colonial species and 30 solitary species. Eighty-six species are considered indigenous or probably indigenous. Thirty-one species, 16 colonial and 15 solitary, are considered introduced or cryptogenic; all were collected from artificial substrates and a few of these were also collected from natural substrates. Seventy-eight species were collected only from natural sites; this group was predominantly colonial (69 species). The collection includes at least 4 new, undescribed species. Manuscripts are in preparation that will include descriptions of all the species.
Micronesica 35-36: 584-593, 2003.
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30. Myers, R.F. & T.J. Donaldson. 2003. The fishes of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 594-648.
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The fishes of the Mariana Islands

Myers, R.F. & T.J. Donaldson.

This paper lists 1,106 species of fishes known from the Mariana Islands and adjacent territorial waters. Of these 1,020 may be characterized as inshore or epipelagic species, the vast majority of which inhabit coral reefs. Species entries are annotated to include the initial Mariana Islands record, subsequent regional works, synonyms used in major regional works, and justification for synonyms not published previously. A biogeographic analysis is given for the inshore and epipelagic component of the fauna. Benthic and mesopelagic habitats below 200m are poorly known, and existing information is scattered. This paper attempts to include all species of inshore and epipelagic fishes from the region known to date based upon published information and collections known to the authors. No attempt is made to review the literature on species found below 200m. Further, because of logistical constraints no databases of major museum’s holdings were consulted for additional material.
Micronesica 35-36: 594-648, 2003.
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30-fishes.pdf (546.71 KB)
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31. Leberer, T. 2003. Records of freshwater turtles on Guam, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 649-652.
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Records of freshwater turtles on Guam, Mariana Islands

Leberer, T.

Seven species of freshwater turtles have been introduced into Guam in the past 30 years. While most have likely been the result of accidental pet releases, at least one was brought in for aquaculture. At least three species have established breeding populations, but the status of other species is uncertain. Studies to address the impacts of these introductions on native species are needed.
Micronesica 35-36: 649-652, 2003.
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31-turtles.pdf (95.39 KB)
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32. Eldredge, L.G. 2003. The marine reptiles and mammals of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 653-660.
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The marine reptiles and mammals of Guam

Eldredge, L.G.

Three marine turtle and 13 cetacean species are reported from Guam and the Mariana Islands. An anecdotal report of a sea snake on Saipan and the single record of a dugong on Guam are noted.
Micronesica 35-36: 653-660, 2003.
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32-mammals.pdf (115.4 KB)
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33. Wiles, G.J. 2003. A checklist of birds recorded in Guam’s marine habitats. Micronesica. 35-36: 661-675.
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A checklist of birds recorded in Guam’s marine habitats

Wiles, G.J.

Seventy-seven species of birds, plus five hypothetical species, are listed for various marine habitats on Guam, Mariana Islands. Visiting shorebirds and seabirds predominate the list. Predation, overdevelopment of important sites, and human disturbance are key conservation concerns.
Micronesica 35-36: 661-675, 2003.
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33-birds.pdf (208.33 KB)
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34. Paulay, G. 2003. Miscellaneous marine invertebrates and protists from the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35-36: 676-682.
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Miscellaneous marine invertebrates and protists from the Mariana Islands

Paulay, G.

Of the 32 or so animal phyla, eight (Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata) are documented in other papers in this volume, together with one protist phylum and several algal divisions. This paper brings together the few records from the Marianas of groups not covered elsewhere. Forty-two species are documented among the Ciliophora, Placozoa, Ctenophora, Nemertea, Sipuncula, Echiura, Mollusca (smaller classes), Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and Hemichordata.
Micronesica 35-36: 676-682, 2003.
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34-miscinverts.pdf (178.46 KB)
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