24

Volume 24
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ARTICLES

1. Hunter-Anderson, R.L. 1991. A Review of Traditional Micronesian High Island Horticulture in Belau, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae. Micronesica. 24 (1): 1-56. Date Revised/Accepted: 03 January 1991.
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A Review of Traditional Micronesian High Island Horticulture in Belau, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Kosrae

Hunter-Anderson, R.L.

An archival review supplemented by the author's field observations of traditional horticulture in five Micronesian high island groups is presented. Geographic, ethnographic, and archaeological aspects are considered, and a demographic/climatic model of initial human settlement and changes in land use over prehistoric time is proposed. Tentative associations are seen between basic geographic factors such as rainfall, slope, and soil types and the differential emphasis on tree or root crops in the study islands. Ecologically-oriented ethnographic field work to document within- and between-island variations in these tropical island farming systems is recommended for a better understanding of the environmental and cultural controls that have shaped Micronesian horticulture past and present.
Micronesica 24 (1): 1-56, 1991.
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2. Massin, C. & D.J.W. Lane. 1991. Description of a New Species of Sea Cucumber (Stichopodidae, Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Eastern lndo-Malayan Archipelago: Thelenota rubralineata n. sp. Micronesica. 24 (1): 57-64. Date Revised/Accepted: 26 June 1990.
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Description of a New Species of Sea Cucumber (Stichopodidae, Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) from the Eastern lndo-Malayan Archipelago: Thelenota rubralineata n. sp.

Massin, C. & D.J.W. Lane.

Thelenota rubralineata n. sp. is described from specimens off Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. This colorful shallow water species is compared with T. anax and T. ananas. A short note is given on its behavior.
Micronesica 24 (1): 57-64, 1991.
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3. Stone, B.C. 1991. The Genus Loheria Merrill (Myrsinaceae). Micronesica. 24 (1): 65-80. Date Revised/Accepted: 20 June 1990.
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The Genus Loheria Merrill (Myrsinaceae)

Stone, B.C.

Loheria Merrill (Myrsinaceae) is revised; six species are included, of which one is new (L. jubilaria) and one is a new combination (L. crassifolia, transferred from Amblyanthopsis). The genus occurs only in the Philippine Islands (four species) and New Guinea (two species). Within the family Myrsinaceae, Loheria has close relationships to Fittingia Mez, Tapeinosperma Hook.f, and Discocalyx Mez, in particular to the first of these. The genus is characterized by its dioecious often tetramerous or pentamerous but sometimes trimerous flowers, the few (usually 5-3) uniseriate ovules, the distinctly elongated filaments, the short ovate eglandular anthers, the discoid-capitate stigma on a well-developed style, the specialized lateral short shoots bearing few strongly reduced or no leaves and an involucre of crowded bracts below the panicles, and the erect, un- or few-branched "schöpfbaum" habit with large, mostly obovate, distally crowded leaves.
Micronesica 24 (1): 65-80, 1991.
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4. Rinehart, A.F. & F.R. Fosberg. 1991. Nervilia jacksoniae nov. sp., a new species of orchidaceae from Guam and Rota. Micronesica. 24 (1): 81-85. Date Revised/Accepted: 06 January 1991.
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​Nervilia jacksoniae nov. sp., a new species of orchidaceae from Guam and Rota

Rinehart, A.F. & F.R. Fosberg.

A new species of Orchidaceae, Nervilia jacksoniae from the Mariana Islands of Rota and Guam is described. The plant is small, seasonal, characterized by a reniform, hirtellous leaf and a uniflorous inflorescence with a deeply folded, fimbriate lip.
Micronesica 24 (1): 81-85, 1991.
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5. Nam, K.W. & Y. Saito. 1991. Anatomical characteristics of Laurencia papillosa (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Guam and Palau. Micronesica. 24 (1): 87-94. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1990.
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Anatomical characteristics of Laurencia papillosa (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Guam and Palau

Nam, K.W. & Y. Saito.

Some morphological characters of the red alga Laurencia papillosa (C. Agardh) Greville are clarified, based on an examination of the type specimen and materials from Guam and Palau. All axial segments of the sterile branchlet have two pericentral cells. In the stichidium, however, one additional pericentral cell is produced per axial cell. The second and the additional pericentral cells always become the fertile pericentral cells to produce a tetrasporangium at distal ends, whereas the first pericentral cell always remains sterile. Epidermal cells do not elongate radially or form a palisade layer in transverse section of branchlets.
 
Micronesica 24 (1): 87-94, 1991.
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6. Matson, E.A. 1991. Water Chemistry and Hydrology of the "Blood of Sanvitores", a Micronesian Red Tide. Micronesica. 24 (1): 95-108. Date Revised/Accepted: 28 September 1990.
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Water Chemistry and Hydrology of the "Blood of Sanvitores", a Micronesian Red Tide

Matson, E.A.

According to local legend, the "Blood of Sanvitores" occurs every spring as red water in Tumon Bay (Guam) in remembrance of the execution of Padre Diego Luis de Sanvitores on 2 April 1672. Red waters are described in accounts from every century since then. Since 1985, red tides have occurred within days of the anniversary of his death, as well as in the months of January, March, June, July, August, and November. Usually, unialgal blooms (>108 cells ml-1) of Scrippsiella, Peridinium, or Gymnodinium spp. occur for about two weeks, but a recent sample contained species of both Scrippsiella and Peridinium. The algae do not appear to adversely affect fish. Strong, noxious odors are uncommon, but can occur downwind of high-density bloom waters during calm weather. Flood tides that occur at sunrise transport bloom waters back towards the northeastern corner of the bay. Here they are maintained in an area of poor circulation that is enriched with N, P, and Fe from aquifer waters that seep from numerous inter- and sub-tidal springs. The bloom circulates within the bay until ebb waters begin to occur soon after sunrise which is when the organisms migrate upwards from sediments. Then, ebb waters can export the bloom either out of the bay or sufficiently far from the nutrient sources so as to increase doubling to times longer than those of water exchange.
Micronesica 24 (1): 95-108, 1991.
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7. Matson, E.A. 1991. Nutrient Chemistry of the Coastal Waters of Guam. Micronesica. : 109-135. Date Revised/Accepted: 15 December 1990.
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Nutrient Chemistry of the Coastal Waters of Guam

Matson, E.A.

Concentrations of nitrate+ nitrite (NOx), reactive phosphate (RP), silica, iron, and chloride in Guam's aquifer, rivers, and coastal waters have been surveyed at various sites between February 1988 and September 1990. Nearshore waters to leeward (west coast) are enriched several fold over those to windward, and are more rapidly depleted and attain lower concentrations with distance from shore. Also, waters within 0.1 km of shore are enriched in NOx and Si- over those 0.5 to 8 km offshore, especially to leeward. River plumes, essentially all of which occur within a 10 km region, rarely discharge past the reef crest, except during rain that lasts several days. Sills at river mouths shoreward of reef moats entrain terrigenous material in the oligohaline zone that is recycled through estuarine plankton. Total annual runoff from the southern rivers that drain the lateritic southern province is approximately equal to aquifer leakage from the equally-sized northern carbonate plateau. Because the two terrains have distinct geochemical properties, both the type and amount of nutrients delivered to the coastal zones of each province are quite different. Further, individual aquifer subbasins have distinct Si-/CI- fields. As a result, significant differences in biological community structure and production may occur between windward and leeward sides as well as between lateritic and carbonate provinces, but dramatic physical differences between the two coasts makes testing of hypotheses extremely difficult.
Micronesica : 109-135, 1991.
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8. Bell, S.C. & H.G. Siegrist, Jr. 1991. Facies development model for emergent Holocene reef limestone: Southern Marianas Region. Micronesica. 24 (1): 137-157. Date Revised/Accepted: 11 September 1990.
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Facies development model for emergent Holocene reef limestone: Southern Marianas Region.

Bell, S.C. & H.G. Siegrist, Jr.

Depositional and relative sea level histories of emergent ("two-meter") Holocene reef limestone along the shoreline of Rota (Mariana Islands) are reconstructed from detailed facies descriptions. Radiocarbon-dated corals and facies parameters are used to determine absolute timing and rates of developmental events. Major facies (I: Coral Framework; II: Algal Bindstone; III: Backreef Detritus) are exposed in the present reef flat as buttresses and algal ridges. The deposit is interpreted as a shallow-water fringing reef which began to develop on a pre-Holocene limestone substrate following a rise in sea level ca. 5500 BP. Facies I accreted vertically under moderate-to-high energy, rising sea level conditions until corals reached the water surface ca. 4700 BP; calcareous algae in Facies II then encrusted these corals under reef crest conditions as sea level approached highstand, which may have reached +3m to +5m (relative to modem MSL). During the subsequent relative sea level fall, which exposed buttresses by 2800 BP, younger corals and algal ridges developed seaward. These events produced a laterally adjacent pair of shallowing-upward facies sequences: an earlier, shoreward sequence (buttresses) corresponds to the rising sea level; a later, seaward sequence (algal ridges) corresponds to the subsequent fall. This is significant to carbonate depositional studies, because successive shallowing-upward facies in the geologic record are usually considered to develop in vertical order and only in conjunction with rising sea levels. The observed buttress-and-channel system probably represents incipient spur-and-groove development similar to those on living reefs.
Micronesica 24 (1): 137-157, 1991.
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9. McConnell, J. & R. Muniappan. 1991. Ant Damage to Dendrobium Flowers. Micronesica. 24 (1): 159-160. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Ant Damage to Dendrobium Flowers

McConnell, J. & R. Muniappan.

The Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of Guam is currently screening various orchids for use as cut flowers in Guam. Hybrids of the genus Dendrobium are currently being screened for release. In March 1990 spots began appearing on developing buds (Fig. 1). Eventually most of the dendrobiums had spotted racemes. The fully expanded flowers frequently had distorted petals and sepals in addition to the purple spotting (Fig. 2).
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Micronesica 24 (1): 159-160, 1991.
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10. Raulerson, L. 1991. Strongylodon lucidus (Forst. f.) Seem. on Guam. Micronesica. 24 (1): 161-162. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Strongylodon lucidus (Forst. f.) Seem. on Guam

Raulerson, L.

On 26 October, and again on 17 November 1990, at the edge of a limestone forest between the Salisbury and Mataguac areas north of Yigo, Guam, vines of Strongylodon lucidus were photographed and leaves and flowers collected and pressed.
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Micronesica 24 (1): 161-162, 1991.
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11. Fosberg, F.R. 1991. Casuarina in Miscanthus Savanna on Guam. Micronesica. 24 (1): 163-163. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Casuarina in Miscanthus Savanna on Guam

Fosberg, F.R.

In 1946 I observed Casuarina seedlings growing in some abundance in the Miscanthus cover on volcanic soils in southern Guam. They had, by 1946, reached a height of the 1 m or more of the tall grass. These seedlings had not been mentioned by E.H. Bryan or Otto Swezey in their talks on Guam vegetation that I heard in Hawaii in 1935 or 1936. So I asked my local Guamanian informants about this. They replied that they had not seen these seedlings before the war, that the Japanese must have planted them. My impression was that the Japanese had unintentionally discouraged the Guamanians from burning the grass. Some actually mentioned that they had hidden from the Japanese in the tall grass.
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Micronesica 24 (1): 163-163, 1991.
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13. Birkeland, C. 1991. Book review: Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve Baseline Studies: Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Virgin Islands National Park and Biosphere Resereve. Micronesica. 24 (1): 165-165. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Book review: Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve Baseline Studies: Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Virgin Islands National Park and Biosphere Resereve

Birkeland, C.

This series of 29 technical reports, totalling over 2,300 pages, is the product of 5 years of work by over 50 researchers from a dozen institutions. The information presented in these reports largely pertains to the ecosystem, including terrestrial and marine components, of a specific island, St. John in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Emphasis in these studies was given to long-term monitoring sites. Despite the details of the habitats and the particular species in the individual reports being relevant to the Lesser Antilles, the combined product can be considered on a global basis as a landmark example of a biosphere program. One hundred fourteen nations are now participating in the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program. But a case study of a biosphere program in operation has been needed so that resource managers can evaluate the role of biosphere reserves in developing sustainable economies. This series of technical reports may begin to fulfill this need, especially for systems of small islands like Micronesia.
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Micronesica 24 (1): 165-165, 1991.
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14. Stone, B.C. 1991. Book review: An Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Kairiru Island, New Guinea. Micronesica. 24 (1): 165-167. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Book review: An Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Kairiru Island, New Guinea

Stone, B.C.

O.W. Borrell, or Brother Borrell as he is widely known, is a Research Associate in the University of Melbourne's School of Botany. Between 1974 and 1979, while teaching at St. Xavier's high school in Kairiru, he began collecting plant specimens and sending duplicates to the Lae Herbarium. With the encouragement of E.E. Henty, he started to write up a floristic checklist of the island. Kairiru is situated off Wewak, Papua New Guinea, in the East Sepik District. It is a little to the east of the 143 meridian (E long.) and a little more than 3° south of the equator. Fascinated by the vegetation, and assisted by many students and other inhabitants of the island, he compiled over the years notes and drawings on as many of the native species as possible. With the assistance also of the staff of the Lae Herbarium and various botanists, the collections were studied, the notes transformed into manuscript, galleys, and finally the present book.
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Micronesica 24 (1): 165-167, 1991.
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15. Fosberg, F.R. 1991. Book review: Alteration of Native Hawaiian Vegetation. Effects of Humans, Their Activities and Introductions. Micronesica. 24 (1): 167-168. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Book review: Alteration of Native Hawaiian Vegetation. Effects of Humans, Their Activities and Introductions

Fosberg, F.R.

Under the above title appears an account of the ravages of Homo sapiens, the most destructive exotic animal species ever to reach the pristine shores of Hawaii, one of the truly remarkable ecosystems on the Planet Earth.
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Micronesica 24 (1): 167-168, 1991.
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16. Graves, M.W. 1991. Architectural and Mortuary Diversity in Late Prehistoric Settlements at Tumon Bay, Guam. Micronesica. 24 (2): 169-194. Date Revised/Accepted: 06 February 1991.
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Architectural and Mortuary Diversity in Late Prehistoric Settlements at Tumon Bay, Guam

Graves, M.W.

Tumon Bay, Guam was a prehistoric and historic locality of considerable significance. Based on archaeological field work and archival research it is now possible to infer a number of characteristics about the traditional settlements there. Each of the three beaches on the bay-Ypao, Tumon, and Gongna-had a settlement. These prehistoric villages were linked not only by geography, but by similar residential patterning, latte morphology and size classes, and certain aspects of mortuary treatment. Of the three settlements, Tumon Beach was the largest in area, yet had proportionately the fewest number of latte sets. Its location and geomorphology as well as other features of the mortuary and burial assemblage, suggest that it was the oldest or hierarchically most senior of the three settlements. Its enhanced position can be explained, in part, as the consequence of greater environmental stability, larger terrestrial and marine areas, and greater resource productivity of Tumon Beach.
Micronesica 24 (2): 169-194, 1991.
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17. Rodda, G.H., T.H. Fritts, & J.D. Reichel. 1991. The Distributional Patterns of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 24 (2): 195-210. Date Revised/Accepted: 20 May 1991.
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The Distributional Patterns of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Mariana Islands

Rodda, G.H., T.H. Fritts, & J.D. Reichel.

Recent collections of reptiles and amphibians on Cocos, Guam, Aguijan, Saipan, Anatahan, Guguan, Alamagan, Agrihan, and Asuncion have produced new distribution records for the Mariana Islands. Because the islands are so isolated, all of the Marianas' reptile species are necessarily excellent dispersers. Only Emoia slevini is an endemic. Species richness declines from the larger southern islands to the smaller northern islands. Proximity to source areas does not appear to influence species richness, perhaps because all the islands are extremely remote. Some native species appear to have declined or disappeared as a result of the introduction of exotic snakes and lizards.
Micronesica 24 (2): 195-210, 1991.
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18. Kerr, A.M. 1991. Arachnids of the Ngerukewid Islands Wildlife Preserve, Palau. Micronesica. 24 (2): 211-215. Date Revised/Accepted: 06 June 1991.
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Arachnids of the Ngerukewid Islands Wildlife Preserve, Palau

Kerr, A.M.

A survey of arachnids in the Ngerukewid and Kmekumer Islands, Republic of Palau was conducted 5-15 January 1988. Twentythree specimens of Araneae were collected by the author from the families Ctenizidae, Uloboridae, Pholcidae, Scytodidae, Araneidae, Lycosidae, Pisauridae, Clubionidae and Salticidae. The scorpion Hormurus australasiae (Fabricius) and the tailless whipscorpion Charon grayi (Gervais) were also recorded.
Micronesica 24 (2): 211-215, 1991.
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19. Eldredge, L.G. 1991. Annotated Checklist of the Marine Mammals of Micronesia. Micronesica. 24 (2): 217-230. Date Revised/Accepted: 15 July 1991.
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Annotated Checklist of the Marine Mammals of Micronesia

Eldredge, L.G.

Reports of a total of 19 species of marine mammals from Micronesia have been gleaned from published and unpublished sources. The first records of seals occurring in Micronesia, specifically the Marshall Islands, are included.
Micronesica 24 (2): 217-230, 1991.
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20. Siegrist, Jr. G.H., R.H. Randall, & C.A. Edwards. 1991. Shallow Reef-front Detrital Sediments from the Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 24 (2): 231-248. Date Revised/Accepted: 20 May 1991.
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Shallow Reef-front Detrital Sediments from the Northern Mariana Islands

Siegrist, Jr. G.H., R.H. Randall, & C.A. Edwards.

Sediments collected from reef fronts off six islands in the Mariana Islands were analyzed for composition and texture. These deposits are highly varied binary mixtures: coarser, poorly-sorted reef-derived bioclastics, and finer, better-sorted terrigenous materials.

Compositional variation is statistically related to extrabasinal parameters including: island area, erodable volcanic terrain, coastal-exposure direction, and perhaps volcanic activity and/or latitude. Bioeroder population differences among the islands may be a contributing factor to compositional variability.

Texture (size/sorting) of the terrigenous silicate fraction is strongly influenced by coastal exposure direction as well as erodable island terrain; texture in biogenic fractions is controlled by skeletal geometry and reef productivity (availability).

Bioclastic sediment diversity and taxon variability are greatest within finer-size fractions and especially in samples collected around southern limestone islands of the older arc. Factor analysis indicates that sediment variability can be simplified into carbonate framework clasts in coarser sediments, and non-framework particles in finer sizes. Bioclastic fractions evolve into two populations: coarse, low-diversity assemblages, dominated by reef framework particles, and finer sands composed of a more diverse mixture of smaller non-framework skeletal materials.
Micronesica 24 (2): 231-248, 1991.
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21. Garbary, D.J., J.C. Oliveira, R.F. Scagel, & S. Villeneuve. 1991. Notes and Distribution Records for the Marine Algae of Fiji. Micronesica. 24 (2): 249-260. Date Revised/Accepted: 07 May 1991.
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​Notes and Distribution Records for the Marine Algae of Fiji

Garbary, D.J., J.C. Oliveira, R.F. Scagel, & S. Villeneuve.

Floristic investigations of the marine algae of the Fijian archipelago are based on collections made in August 1980, August 1981, and February 1982. Numerous new distribution records are described, including representatives of Cyanophyta (11 species), Chlorophyta (15 species or infraspecific taxa), Phaeophyta (12 species) and Rhodophyta (53 species). Most of these records are for species that are widespread throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific region (e.g. Brachytrichia quoyi and Leveillea jungermannioides) and were previously recorded from Micronesia and/or New Caledonia. Leachiella sp. and Goniotrichopsis sublittoralis are apparently disjunct populations from western North America. The new records increase the known marine algal flora of Fiji about 45% to about 269 species and infraspecific taxa.
Micronesica 24 (2): 249-260, 1991.
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22. Stinson, D.W., J.D. Reichel, R.J. Craig, & D.T. Aldan. 1991. New and Unusual Bird Records from the Northern Mariana Islands, 1988-1990. Micronesica. 24 (2): 261-271. Date Revised/Accepted: 22 April 1991.
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New and Unusual Bird Records from the Northern Mariana Islands, 1988-1990

Stinson, D.W., J.D. Reichel, R.J. Craig, & D.T. Aldan.

We report 27 species accounts documenting new bird records from the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). These include 10 sight, 7 photographic, and 11 specimen records. This represents 23 island records, 8 Mariana Island records, 5 Micronesian records, and at least 2 tropical Pacific records. Records are new for a particular island only unless a wider geographical area is mentioned in the text. Additionally photo and specimen records are reported for islands when only sight records were previously known. We use the definition of Pratt et al. (1987) for tropical Pacific: Micronesia, Polynesia, and the Hawaiian Islands. All specimens are or will be sent to Charles R. Conner Museum (CRCM), Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4220. Photographs are on file at the CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife, Saipan (DFW). Some of the accounts in this paper document records referred to by the citation "Stinson and Reichel, in prep" cited in Reichel & Glass (1991); the remaining records are more recent than the checklist and were not recorded there. Other museums for which specimen numbers are given for previous collections include the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM), and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley (MVZ).
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Micronesica 24 (2): 261-271, 1991.
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22-new20and20unusual20bird20records20from20the20northern20mariana20islands2c201988-199020micronesica20vol.202420no.20220dec.201991-6.pdf (5.77 MB)
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23. 1991. Abstracts of Masters Theses in Biology at the University of Guam, 1968-1991. Micronesica. 24 (2): 273-298. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1991.
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Abstracts of Masters Theses in Biology at the University of Guam, 1968-1991

Editorial Note.- The University of Guam has had a Master of Science program in Biology since 1967. Over seventy theses have been written, many on coral reef organisms. Some have been published, or parts published, others have not. Publications are listed below each abstract. A booklet listing all papers from the Marine Laboratory is available from that unit. Copies of all the theses are filed in the R.F. Kennedy Library at University of Guam.
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Micronesica 24 (2): 273-298, 1991.
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24. Lobban, C.S. 1991. Book review: Red Tide Organisms in Japan. Micronesica. 24 (2): 299-300. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1991.
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Book review: Red Tide Organisms in Japan

Lobban, C.S.

Red tides are dense concentrations of unicellular, planktonic algae, which often cause health or environmental problems. Some species are toxic and cause paralytic shellfish poisoning and other illnesses when humans eat animals that have filtered the algae from the water. Other species are not toxic but may become so dense that they use up all the oxygen in the water and kill fish. Yet other red tides, such as "Sanvitores Blood" in Guam (see article in June '91 issue), are apparently harmless.
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Micronesica 24 (2): 299-300, 1991.
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25. Lobban, C.S. 1991. Book review: Trees and Shrubs of the Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 24 (2): 300-300. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1991.
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Book review: Trees and Shrubs of the Northern Mariana Islands

Lobban, C.S.

Notwithstanding its title, this book covers all the Mariana Islands. All but one of these trees and shrubs occur on Guam. This full color guide is a welcome addition to the books on the terrestrial plants, especially as earlier floras (which included also the grasses and herbs) are long out of print. Ben Stone's formal Flora of Guam, published in Micronesica, volume 6 (1970) is now dated and was not for the amateur naturalist. Many names have changed as a result of studies by Fosberg, Stone, and others. Moore & McMakin's Plants of Guam, published by UOG College of Agriculture & Life Sciences in 1979 was similar to the present work in format, but again is unavailable. Thus, if you want a book about the native vegetation of Guam or the Northern Marianas, this is the only one you can buy.
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Micronesica 24 (2): 300-300, 1991.
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26. CORRECTION. : 301-301. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1991.
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CORRECTION

McConnell, J. & R. Muniappan. 1991. Ant damage to dendrobium flowers. vol. 24 (1): 159-160.
The following plate caption should have been printed on page 160:

McConnell & Muniappan-Plate I. Fig. 1. Spotting and distortion of sepals and petals. Fig. 2. Ant (Pheidole sp.) on developing raceme. Fig. 3. Ant damage to flower bud.

The text references to the figures (p. 159) should read, in order: (Fig. 3), (Fig. 1), (Fig. 2).
Micronesica : 301-301, 1991.
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