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3. Fosberg, F.R., M.-H. Sachet, & R. Oliver 1987. A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica. 20 (1 & 2): 19-130. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1987.

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A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae

Fosberg, F.R., M.-H. Sachet, & R. Oliver

The monocotyledonous plants known to us as occurring or reported to have occurred in Micronesia are listed systematically by families and alphabetically under the families. They belong to 272 genera (in a broad sense). Of the 677 species and varieties included, 367 are considered indigenous, 308 exotic (indicated by an asterisk). Of the indigenous ones, 166 are endemic in Micronesia, so far as we know. The other 204 extend to other lndo-Pacific islands or countries bordering the lndo-Pacilic region. The strand and coastal plants are mostly widespread, some are pantropical. Of the endemics, 135 are restricted to the Caroline Islands, 19 to the Marianas, 11 to both groups, and one to Wake and the northern Marshalls. There are no endemics, (with the possible exception of the poorly known Crinum bakeri) in the central and southern Marshalls, the Gilberts, or the other isolated islands. The affinities of the species are mostly lndo-Malaysian and New Guinean-Melanesian, a few are Australian. For each species and smaller taxon the known distribution by islands is given, as well as basionyms, synonyms, misapplications or misidentilications that have appeared in the Micronesian literature known to us.

Micronesica 20 (1 & 2): 19-130, 1987.

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Fosberg, Sachet, & Oliver 1987	pdf ageographicalchecklist_fosbergev_2-_1-2o.pdf (17.08 MB)	17.08 MB

3. Leblanc, L., J. William & A.J. Allwood 2004. Host Fruit of Mango Fly (Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Federated States of Micronesia. Micronesica. 37(1): 21-31. Date Revised/Accepted: 25 June 2002.

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Host Fruit of Mango Fly (Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Federated States of Micronesia

Leblanc, L., J. William & A.J. Allwood

Host records of mango fly (Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner)) in the Federated States of Micronesia are reported. During two years of surveying (1994-1996), 1123 samples of commercial or edible fruit and wild fruit, covering 127 species in 95 plant genera in 52 families, were collected and incubated for the emergence of fruit flies (family Tephritidae) in a fruit-holding laboratory in Pohnpei. Twenty-six species of commercial/edible fruits and 9 species of wild fruit, belonging to 24 genera in 15 families, were noted as hosts of mango fly. The importance of each host is discussed with regards to infestation levels, expressed as percentage of infested fruit. Also reported are the mean and maximum number of fruit fly puparia recovered from individual fruit and the number of puparia recovered per kilogram of ripe fruit.

Micronesica 37(1): 21-31, 2004.

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3. Manner, H.I. & E. Mallon 1989. An Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Puluwat Atoll. Micronesica. 22 (1): 23-63. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 August 1989.

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An Annotated List of the Vascular Plants of Puluwat Atoll

Manner, H.I. & E. Mallon

Previous botanical research on Puluwat Atoll (Truk, Federated States of Micronesia) indicated a vascular flora of no more than 46 species. A total of 184 vascular species is reported, the majority of which may be classified as new records. Eighty seven species are introduced plants found mainly on inhabited Puluwat Islet. Four other islets are uninhabited and contain fewer native and introduced species than Puluwat Islet. Native species comprise more than 90% of the flora of these latter islets. Most of the locally-named species are either native to the atoll or are culturally useful introduced plants. Twenty eight species are cultivated as food plants most of which are important staples like Colocasia esculenta, Cyrtosperma chamissonis, Artocarpus altilis, A. mariannensis, Musa sp., and Cocos nucifera and are represented by many cultivars. While some cultivars previously recorded are no longer present on the atoll, others are being introduced. The research suggests a high rate of species and cultivar turnover and an erosion of traditional knowledge. The present distribution of species is partly related to islet size, the extent of human habitation and cultivation practices, and environmental modification, particularly during World War II.

Micronesica 22 (1): 23-63, 1989.

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3. McKnight, R.K 1972. Rigid Models and Ridiculous Boundaries Political Development and Practice in Palau-circa 1955-64. Micronesica. 8 (1 & 2): 23-36. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1972.

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Rigid Models and Ridiculous Boundaries Political Development and Practice in Palau-circa 1955-64

McKnight, R.K

Modernization in Micronesia cannot be tidily documented and thus accounts pertaining to political development can border on fabrication when they mainly emphasize events that seemingly portray a smooth and purposeful adaptation of European political practices to those of Micronesia.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 8 (1 & 2): 23-36, 1972.

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3. St. John, H 1965. Revision of Capparis spinosa and its African, Asiatic, and Pacific Relatives. Micronesica. 2 (1): 25-44. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1965.

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Revision of Capparis spinosa and its African, Asiatic, and Pacific Relatives

St. John, H

An investigation of the native Hawaiian species Capparis sandwichiana DC. led the writer into the broader problem of the Eurasian C. spinosa L. and its relatives. They form section Capparis, part 1, Pedicellares DC., are those species with single, axillary, perfect flowers, with asymmetric calyx, and thorn-like stipules. Many early botanists have published upon this group, in whole or in part, but it has not yet been satisfactorily classified. From one view, the group was considered, as by J.D. Hooker , to be but a single species, occurring from Europe to Australia and the Sandwich Islands. Other botanists have split the group into a large number of species and varieties. Another view, taking a median position, is here presented and defended.
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Micronesica 2 (1): 25-44, 1965.

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3. Silva-Krott, I.U., Singh, P., Lali, T.S. & R. Muniappan 1995. Influence of Fertilizers and Wind on Aphid Infestation and Cucumber Yield . Micronesica. 28(1): 25-30. Date Revised/Accepted: 05 December 1994.

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Influence of Fertilizers and Wind on Aphid Infestation and Cucumber Yield

Silva-Krott, I.U., Singh, P., Lali, T.S. & R. Muniappan

The spatial distribution of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) in a cucumber field was influenced by the direction of wind and the dosages of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. The leeward side of the field had more aphids than the windward side. In the fertilized plots lower leaves had more aphids than the upper leaves in the vines. Increase in fertilizer application rate increased the aphid population but any adverse impact of this was overshadowed by increased cucumber yield.

Micronesica 28(1): 25-30, 1995.

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Silva-Krott et al 1995	pdf 281_article_03ed.pdf (315.71 KB)	315.71 KB

3. Bell, K.N.I., J.A. Brown & P. Pepin 1997. Variation in Age-at-Recruitment Can Drive Recruitment Dynamics: the Example of Sicydium spp. (Pisces: Gobiidae) in Dominica, West Indies. Micronesica. 30(1): 25 Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1997.

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Variation in Age-at-Recruitment Can Drive Recruitment Dynamics: the Example of Sicydium spp. (Pisces: Gobiidae) in Dominica, West Indies

Bell, K.N.I., J.A. Brown & P. Pepin

Early life history can influence recruitment through a mechanism not previously identified. Age-at-recruitment (AAR) was shown by otolith evaluation and periodic regression to vary seasonally in Sicydium spp. in Dominica, West Indies. These species reproduce and recruit pan-seasonally, making them ideal study species for recruitment-dynamic problems. Although pan-seasonal, there is a pronounced peak season for recruitment not adequately explained by variation in reproduction. We used numerical simulation to explore the potential of seasonal variation in age-at-recruitment to influence recruitment seasonality. From this we show that with temporally constant reproduction, AAR variation can cause large variations in recruitment; when coupled with realistic (but temporally constant) daily survival rates, recruitment can vary ten- to twenty-fold or more. The recruitment variation is caused by two allied processes usually acting together: a Doppler-like effect and a compounding of prevailing mortality over variable time. Thus, AAR should not be assumed constant, and temporal variation in AAR should be considered as a source of otherwise unexplainable recruitment variation. This phenomenon may occur in many other taxa, and becomes more easily detected as the duration of the spawning and recruitment seasons increases. At present there are insufficient data to determine whether long-term changes are occurring in growth rates and age-at-recruitment; this is principally because otoliths are destroyed by conventional preservation. There is a need to develop collections of properly preserved otoliths which can later be analysed, and this collection can begin with each interested scientist, with very little expense.

Micronesica 30(1): 25 1997.

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3. Crocombe, R.G 1968. Observations on Land Tenure in Tarawa Gilbert Islands. Micronesica. 4 (1): 27-37. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1968.

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Observations on Land Tenure in Tarawa Gilbert Islands

Crocombe, R.G

The government of the Gilbert Islands has probably achieved. more in the field of land tenure than any other government in the Pacific with the possible exception of the Kingdom of Tonga. Although circumstances differ greatly between territories, there are a number of points of principle on which the Gilbertese experience is of considerable comparative interest.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 4 (1): 27-37, 1968.

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Crocombe 1968	pdf crocombe_r.g.-observations_on_land_tenure_in_tarawa_gilbert_islands-micronesica_vol._4_no._1_june_1968_o.pdf (1.55 MB)	1.55 MB

3. Merten, M.J 1971. Ecological Observations of Halimeda macroloba Decaisne (Chlorophyta) on Guam. Micronesica. 7(1/2): 27-44. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1971.

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Ecological Observations of Halimeda macroloba Decaisne (Chlorophyta) on Guam

Merten, M.J

Halimeda macroloba is a green alga in the Order Siphonales. This species, abundant on Guam, is found usually in water less than a meter in depth at MLLT. It was found that this species grows best in fine, compact sand on the shallow reef flats in areas washed regularly by mild currents. When water movement lags, epiphytes are more pronounced.

According to data collected during this investigation the greatest amount of growth occurs during the first month of development. Growth in the field averages 5.8 cm the first month and 1.5 to 3.0 cm per month after. The life span of H. macroloba is calculated to be four months. Fruiting specimens were observed in the field every month during this study. Fruiting is periodic but the conditions that trigger fruiting are still unknown. Fruiting and fusion were observed in the laboratory.

The most important feature of H. macroloba is its deposition of calcium carbo nate. Segments of the average mature specimen contain 8.5 grams of calcium carbonate. Using this information it is possible to estimate the amount of CaCO₃ contributed to sand formation in a given area by counting the mature plants/meter² and multiplying by 8.5. Repopulation of H. macroloba was also studied.

Micronesica 7(1/2): 27-44, 1971.

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Merten 1971	pdf Merten1971.pdf (1.54 MB)	1.54 MB

3. Garrigue, C. & J. Greaves 2001. Cetacean records for the New Caledonian area (Southwest Pacific Ocean). Micronesica. 34(1): 27-33. Date Revised/Accepted: 03 October 2000.

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Cetacean records for the New Caledonian area (Southwest Pacific Ocean)

Garrigue, C. & J. Greaves

We report the results of opportunistic sightings collected over a 9–year period. These observations add 9 species to the previously known species from New Caledonia, bringing the total number of cetaceans identified in this area to 13. They are: Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Lacépède, 1804); Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758); Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus (Gray, 1846); Killer whale, Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758); Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821); Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828); Spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata (Gray, 1846); Risso’s dolphin, Grampus griseus (Cuvier, 1812); and Blainville’s beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris (de Blainville, 1817).

Micronesica 34(1): 27-33, 2001.

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Garrigue et al 2001	pdf 3_garriguegreaves.pdf (53.8 KB)	53.8 KB

3. Dunn, D.F. & W.M. Hamner 1980. Amplexidiscus fenestrafer n. gen., n. sp. (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), a Tropical Indo-Pacific Corallimorpharian. Micronesica. 16 (1): 29-36. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1980.

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Amplexidiscus fenestrafer n. gen., n. sp. (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), a Tropical Indo-Pacific Corallimorpharian

Dunn, D.F. & W.M. Hamner

The sixth genus of corallimorph arian family Actinodiscidae, Amplexidiscus n. gen., is described. It is distinguished by its numerous short, simple, conic al tentacles, and few marginal tentacles. The type species, and currently the only one known for the genus, A. fenestrafer, may attain the largest size of any known corallimorpharian (up to 450 mm oral disc diameter). It has been found in relatively shallow waters on the lagoon side of coral reefs on the Great Barrier Reef, in eastern Indonesia, Palau and Guam .

Micronesica 16 (1): 29-36, 1980.

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Dunn & Hamner 1980	pdf amplexidiscus_fenestrafer_n._gen._n._sp._coelenterata_anthozoa_a_tropical_indo-pacific_corallimorpharian_micronesica_vol._16_no._1_june_1980o.pdf (9.95 MB)	9.95 MB

3. Shewman, R.D 1981. Ethnic Institutions and Identity: Palauan Migrants on Guam. Micronesica. 17 (1 & 2): 29-46. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1981.

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Ethnic Institutions and Identity: Palauan Migrants on Guam

Shewman, R.D

There are over one thousand Palauan migrants residing on Guam. They have been able to adapt to life on Guam relatively successfully while continuing to view themselves as Palauans and retaining close ties with Palau. The primary mechanisms in the maintenance of their identity are the Palauan institutions. Similar in many respects to those found in Palau, the migrant institutions have their base in the kinship units, telungalek/kebliil, but vary from the original as accommodation to life on Guam has demanded. These institutions give the migrants a context in which Palauan language and role relationships can be experienced and channels of reciprocity with Palau and among the migrants maintained. They also make adjustment to life on Guam easier by providing a source of financial, social, emotional, and spiritual support to the migrant.

Micronesica 17 (1 & 2): 29-46, 1981.

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Shewman 1981	pdf ethnic_institutions_and_identity-_palauan_migrants_on_guam-micronesica_vol._17_nos._1-2_dec._1981o.pdf (7.02 MB)	7.02 MB

3. Kessler, C.W 2006. Management implications of a coconut crab (Birgus latro) removal study in Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.. Micronesica. 39(1): 31-39. Date Revised/Accepted: 19 January 2006.

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Management implications of a coconut crab (Birgus latro) removal study in Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

Kessler, C.W

Coconut crabs (Birgus latro) were removed from an area and relocated as a form of mitigation to off set land clearing activities. It was found that a 3.3 ha area could be cleared of crabs in a four night period using standard crab hunting techniques and that the area stayed clear for 15-20 days but was fully repopulated within a three month period. Density calculations estimated a population of 16 crabs/ha in secondary forest habitat. Morphometric data and CPUE rates showed that Saipan’s coconut crabs are small in size and consistent with a severely overhar- vested resource.

Micronesica 39(1): 31-39, 2006.

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Kessler 2006	pdf 3_kessler.pdf (45.66 KB)	45.66 KB

3. Shyh-min, C., F.W.E. Rowe, & C. Kun-hsiung 1988. A new species in the synaptid genus Patinapta (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), from Taiwan. Micronesica. 21 (1 & 2): 33-38. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1988.

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A new species in the synaptid genus Patinapta (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), from Taiwan

Shyh-min, C., F.W.E. Rowe, & C. Kun-hsiung

The present paper describes a new species Patinapta taiwaniensis, collected from Tiausue, southern Taiwan. This new species is characterised particularly by the form of the anchor plates which have a well-developed hole each side at the posterior end and few additional posterior holes. It appears most closely related to P. dumasi Cherbonnier. The relationship of P. taiwaniensis with each of the 5 known species within the genus Patinapta is discussed.

Micronesica 21 (1 & 2): 33-38, 1988.

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Shyh-min, Rowe, & Kun-hsiung 1988	pdf anewspcieschaoob.pdf (2.19 MB)	2.19 MB

3. Thaman, R.R 2008. Atolls – the “biodiversity cool spots” vs hot spots: a critical new focus for research and conservation. Micronesica. 40(1/2): 33-61. Date Revised/Accepted: 04 January 2008.

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Atolls – the “biodiversity cool spots” vs hot spots: a critical new focus for research and conservation

Thaman, R.R

This paper highlights the seriousness of the “biodiversity crisis” on atolls and the need to place greater research and conservation emphasis on atolls and other small island ecosystems. It presents a “snapshot” of the current status of atoll biodiversity, including associated marine biodiversity, and stresses that atolls are “biodiversity cool spots”, which, apart from, in some cases, very considerable marine resources, have among the poorest and most highly threatened biodiversity inheritances on Earth. Atoll societies and ecosystems are also widely believed to be the most seriously threatened by global climate change and associated sea level rise. This paper is based on studies over the past twenty years conducted in the atolls of Tuvalu, Tokelau, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago of French Polynesia. It stresses that atolls offer some of the greatest opportunities for integrated studies of simplified small-island ecosystems, especially studies that involve local communities and local researchers, as have been emphasized by the Pacific Asia Biodiversity Transect Network (PABITRA). It is suggested that, if we are really worried mutual capacity building and sustainability of islands as human support systems, we must place higher priority on research on, and the conservation of, the Earth’s “cool spots”, such as the atolls and other biodiversity-poor small islands. Emphasis is also placed on the importance of the protection, recording and application of indigenous knowledge, here referred to as “ethnobiodiversity”, which when used in concert with the most up-to-date modern scientific knowledge, constitutes perhaps the most appropriate means of designing models for the sustainable use of small island ecosystems.

Micronesica 40(1/2): 33-61, 2008.

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3. Bruce, A.J 1977. Periclimenes kororensis n. sp., An Unusual Shrimp Associate of the Fungiid Coral, Heliofungia actiniformis. Micronesica. 13 (1): 33-44. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1977.

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Periclimenes kororensis n. sp., An Unusual Shrimp Associate of the Fungiid Coral, Heliofungia actiniformis

Bruce, A.J

A new species of pontoniine shrimp, Periclimenes kororensis, from Koror, Western Caroline Islands, is described. The single example, an ovigerous female lacking both second pereiopods, was found in association with a scleractinian host, Heliofungia actiniformis. The species appears to be an aberrant member of the "P. grandis species-group", and not closely related to any previously described species.

Micronesica 13 (1): 33-44, 1977.

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3. Sasakawa, M 2009. Insects of Micronesia, Volume 14, no. 9: Diptera: Lauxaniidae. Micronesica. 41(1): 33-57. Date Revised/Accepted: 06 March 2008.

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Insects of Micronesia, Volume 14, no. 9: Diptera: Lauxaniidae

Sasakawa, M

The Micronesian fauna of the genus Homoneura (Diptera: Lauxaniidae), comprising 18 species, is presented. Seven new species, H. bibaculigera, carolinensis, denticulimentula, longisetosa, notabilis, palauensis and prisca, are described, and six Oriental, one Polynesian and one Australian species are recorded for the first time. A key to the species is given.

Micronesica 41(1): 33-57, 2009.

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Sasakawa 2009	pdf 3_sasakawa_im-laux_33-57.pdf (1.22 MB)	1.22 MB

3. Lessa, W.A 1975. The Portuguese Discovery of the Isles of Sequeira. Micronesica. 11 (1): 35-70. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.

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The Portuguese Discovery of the Isles of Sequeira

Lessa, W.A

The identity of the lsles of Sequeira discovered in 1525 by some marooned Portuguese sailors has never been satisfactorily determined. Here, using anthropological, geographical, and biological clues contained in early accounts, the merits of the claims for Australia, Tobi, Palau, Ngulu, Yap, and Ulithi are subjected to intense scrutiny. "Ethnological sleuthing" serves to reject all, but one candidate.

Micronesica 11 (1): 35-70, 1975.

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Lessa 1975	pdf the_portuguese_discovery_of_the_isles_of_sequeira_by_lessa_w.a._-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (7.4 MB)	7.4 MB

3. Seto, R 1979. Comparative Study of Thorea gaudichaudii (Rhodophyta) from Guam and Okinawa. Micronesica. 15(1-2): 35-39. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1979.

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Comparative Study of Thorea gaudichaudii (Rhodophyta) from Guam and Okinawa

Seto, R

The morphological characteristics of Thorea gaudichaudii C. Ag. from freshwater habitats in Guam (water temperature 28°C) and Okinawa (water temperature 21-22°C) are compared. The mean cell width of both specimens are similar (5.2 μm), but the mean cell length of the Guam specimens are somewhat longer (25.5 μm) than the specimens from Okinawa (21.4 μm). The mean length and width of the monosporangia of both specimens are similar.

Micronesica 15(1-2): 35-39, 1979.

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Seto 1979	pdf 1512_article_03ed.pdf (798.56 KB)	798.56 KB

3. Buden, D.W 1996. Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals of Pakin Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands. Micronesica. 29 (1): 37-48. Date Revised/Accepted: 11 December 1995.

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Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals of Pakin Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands

Buden, D.W

Fifteen species of reptiles, 18 birds, and five mammals are recorded from Pakin Atoll. None is endemic to Pakin and all of the residents tend to be widely distributed throughout Micronesia. Introduced species include four mammals (Rattus exulans, Canis familiaris, Felis catus, Sus scrofa), the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) among birds, and at least one lizard (Varanus indicus). Of the 17 indigenous birds, ten are presumed or documented breeding residents, including four land birds, a heron, and five terns. The Micronesian Honeyeater (Myzomela rubratra) is the most common land bird, followed closely by the Micronesian Starling (Aplonis opaca). The vegetation is mainly Cocos forest, considerably modified by periodic cutting of the undergrowth, deliberately set fires, and the rooting of pigs. Most of the present vertebrate species do not appear to be seriously endangered by present levels of human activity. But the Micronesian Pigeon (Ducula oceanica) is less numerous on the settled islands, probably reflecting increased hunting pressure, and sea turtles (especially Chelonia mydas) and their eggs are harvested indiscriminately .

Micronesica 29 (1): 37-48, 1996.

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Buden 1996	pdf buden2ocr.pdf (602.21 KB)	602.21 KB

3. Richardson, S.L. & R.N. Clayshulte 2003. An annotated checklist of Foraminifera of Guam. Micronesica. 35-36: 38-53.

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An annotated checklist of Foraminifera of Guam

Richardson, S.L. & R.N. Clayshulte

This paper presents a checklist of 303 species of benthic and planktic Foraminifera from the marine waters off Guam, based on literature records and new collections. Notations on taxonomic synonymies and depositories of type and identified specimens are included in the list.

Micronesica 35-36: 38-53, 2003.

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Richardson et al 2003	pdf 3-forams.pdf (1.18 MB)	1.18 MB

3. South, G.R. & H. Kasahara 1992. A Preliminary Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Fiji Islands, South Pacific. Micronesica. 25 (1): 41-70. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1992.

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A Preliminary Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Fiji Islands, South Pacific

South, G.R. & H. Kasahara

A preliminary checklist of 314 taxa of benthic marine algae is provided for the Fiji Islands, South Pacific, comprising 11 Cyanophyceae, 99 Chlorophyceae, 36 Phaeophyceae, and 168 Rhodophyceae. Included are all previously published records, with the systematic arrangement and nomenclature brought up to date. The flora is relatively poorly known, and many areas have yet to be phycologically studied, such as Rotuma, much of the Lau Group, most of Vanua Levu and Kandavu.

Micronesica 25 (1): 41-70, 1992.

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3. South, G.R. & P.A. Skelton 2000. A Review of Ceramium (Rhodophyceae, Ceramiales) from Fiji and Samoa, South Pacific. Micronesica. 33(1/2): 45-98. Date Revised/Accepted: 07 December 1999.

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A Review of Ceramium (Rhodophyceae, Ceramiales) from Fiji and Samoa, South Pacific

South, G.R. & P.A. Skelton

A revision of Ceramium from Fiji and Samoa is provided, following an evaluation of previously published records, study of type specimens and voucher collections, and on the basis of field and laboratory investigations. Eight extant species are recognized [Ceramium affine Setchell and Gardner, C. codii (Richards) Mazoyer, C. punctiforme Setchell, C. flaccidum (Harvey ex Kützing) Ardissone, C. macilentum J. Agardh, Ceramium sp. aff. Ceramium marshallense Dawson, C. subdichotomum Weber-van Bosse and C. vagans P. Silva], and 3 that are new [Ceramium krameri, C. rintelsianum and C. upolense]. The occurrence or status of four previously reported species [Ceramium camouii Dawson, C. clarionensis Setchell & Gardner, C. subverticillatum (Grunow) Weber-van Bosse and C. zacae Setchell & Gardner] could not be confirmed, while a number of other previously reported species are placed in synonymy. The most abundant species is Ceramium flaccidum. Keys and illustrations for all species are included, and the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Fijian and Samoan species are discussed. All of the species are microscopic, mostly less than 5.0 mm tall, and most occur as epiphytes on corals or larger algae. One species (C. punctiforme) is restricted to the surfaces of the crustose coralline Hydrolithon on the exposed reef crest.

Micronesica 33(1/2): 45-98, 2000.

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3. Moore, P.H 1973. Composition of a Limestone Forest Community on Guam. Micronesica. 9 (1): 45-58. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1973.

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Composition of a Limestone Forest Community on Guam

Moore, P.H

The vegetation of a limestone forest community was characterized at Pagat, a region on the windward northeastern coast of Guam. Because of the prevailing easterlies this part of the island receives the most rain, and the vegetation varies considerably from that of the leeward side. Thirtyeight species of seed plants were found on a transect 750 meters long, which extended from the plateau (120 m elevation) to the salt spray zone. Information on density, frequency, and percent cover was obtained for each species in 150 quadrats (2x5 m). A list of plants and their relative abundance are given for the lower terrace which was not included in the transect. The relationship between the amount of salt deposition and density of Pemphis acidula in the salt spray zone is also discussed.

Micronesica 9 (1): 45-58, 1973.

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3. Bourgoin, A. & A. Edward 2005. Distribution, Abundance and Management of Potential Commercial Holothurians in Pohnpei Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia. Micronesica. 38(1): 47-66. Date Revised/Accepted: 07 January 2005.

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Distribution, Abundance and Management of Potential Commercial Holothurians in Pohnpei Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia

Bourgoin, A. & A. Edward

From May 28 to June 5, 2004, sixty-three 400-m² stations were surveyed throughout the five municipality lagoon waters of Pohnpei Island to evaluate the densities and distribution of potential commercial holothurians. Thirty-eight per cent of the stations were concentrated on the barrier-reef crest, 36.5%, on the back barrier reef platform, and 25.5% within the patch reefs/seaward portion of the fringing reef flat complex. A total of 12,806 individuals represented by six species were registered, equivalent to a mean density of 0.51 ind.m^–2. Holothuria atra composed 87.1% of the total number, followed by Stichopus chloronotus, with 5.0%, Actinopyga mauritiana, 4.5%, Holothuria edulis, 2.9%, Bohadschia sp., 0.4%, and Holothuria whitmaei, 0.1%, respectively. By municipalities, all species confound, Uh recorded the highest densities with 0.83 ind.m^–2, the lowest being Sokehs with 0.18 ind.m^–2. By physiographic zone, a contagious distribution is observed, H. edulis being concentrated within the fringing/patch reef complex, while A. mauritiana occurs mainly on the barrier-reef crest, most frequently at Nett, constituting 25.6% of the 1,958 individuals surveyed there. S. chloronotus and H. atra have representatives in all three defined physiographic zones. The estimated standing crops are 15,000 mt for H. atra, a little over 900 mt for H. edulis, 339 mt and 244 mt, respectively, for S. chloronotus and A. mauritiana. Comparison between annual harvest potential, market prices and mean exploitable age permits one to estimate the gross revenue of a given species. Due to forecasted high annual harvest volumes, H. atra offers the best commercial potential. S. chloronotus and A. mauritiana, are commercially attractive mainly because of their relatively high commercial value. Management strategies are suggested and should be adopted before any commercial holothurian fishery is implemented.

Micronesica 38(1): 47-66, 2005.

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3. Fisher, J.L 1964. The Abandonment of Nan Matol, Ancient Capital of Ponape. Micronesica. 1 (1 & 2): 49-54. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1964.

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The Abandonment of Nan Matol, Ancient Capital of Ponape

Fisher, J.L

For more than a century visitors to the island of Ponape in the Eastern Carolines have engaged in mystified speculation about the megalithic ruins of Nan Matol (also spelled Nan Matal, etc.) on the east coast of the island. The writings of the German ethnographer Paul Hambruch constitute the fullest and most authoritative discussion of the ruins to date. Hambruch did ethnographic fieldwork on Ponape in 1910, and spent part of his time surveying and investigating the ruins as well. In his reports he also reviews much of the early literature on them as well as presenting his own findings (1911, 1936).
(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 1 (1 & 2): 49-54, 1964.

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Fisher 1964

3. Klassen, W., C.F. Brodel & D.A. Fieselmann 2002. Exotic Pests of Plants: Current and Future Threats to Horticultural Production and Trade in Florida and the Caribbean Basin. Micronesica. Suppl. 6: 5-27. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 2002.

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Exotic Pests of Plants: Current and Future Threats to Horticultural Production and Trade in Florida and the Caribbean Basin

Klassen, W., C.F. Brodel & D.A. Fieselmann

The threat of exotic pest organisms to horticultural industries and to imports and exports of agricultural products in the Caribbean Basin and Florida is extremely serious. The rate of establishment of exotic pests in Florida exceeds that in California and rivals that in Hawai‘i. During the past 2 decades, Asia has become almost as important as the neotropics as a main source of invaders, and there has been an increase in establishment rates for species belonging to the Acari, Homoptera and Thysanoptera. Efforts to contain and eradicate newly established immigrant pest populations have been limited to only a few major pests. We determined that roughly 130 significant exotic arthropod pests are present in the Caribbean, sensu lato, but not yet in Florida, as well as substantial numbers external to the Caribbean Basin.
The United States has relied on inspection of arriving cargo and passengers at the port of entry as one of the main approaches to exclusion of exotic pests. Since volumes of arriving cargo are doubling every six years , this approach is no longer adequate. Thus the National Plant Board asserted that the U.S. safeguarding system should shift primary reliance from port-of-entry inspection to off-shore actions, including risk mitigation in production areas, certification of pest-free status at point of origin and pre-clearance at the port of export. Off-shore risk can be mitigated by area-wide biologically-based suppression, creation of pest-free production areas and inspection, treatment (if necessary) and certification at the port of export. Most compelling for Florida would be the regionalization of pest exclusion programs throughout the Caribbean Basin, because a dangerous organism that establishes in one of the countries quickly endangers the entire Basin.

Micronesica Suppl. 6: 5-27, 2002.

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3. Schreiner, I.H 1991. Sources of New Insects Established on Guam in the Post World War II Period. Micronesica. Suppl. 3: 5-13. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.

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Sources of New Insects Established on Guam in the Post World War II Period

Schreiner, I.H

The introduction of exotic species into Guam is a continuing problem, with the many serious insect pests being post World War II introductions. In the 1980s at least 25 new species were accidentally introduced. New pests include a grasshopper, a scarab beetle, several noctuid moths and a variety of small beetles, scales, thrips, whiteflies. In the last decade about one-third of the new pests on Guam apparently originated from the New World via Hawaii. Other pests arrived from the Oriental region and from other islands in the Micronesian area. Although the mode of introduction of most insects cannot be determined with precision, it can be deduced in at least three recent cases, one having arrived via an Air Force flight, and two having arrived with commercial shipments of ornamentals from Hawaii. The movement of ornamental plants and flowers is probably the most important means by which insects are currently moved around the Pacific region.

Micronesica Suppl. 3: 5-13, 1991.

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3. Jackson, W.B 1967. Productivity in High and Low Islands with Special Emphasis to Rodent Populations. Micronesica. 3 (1): 5-15. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1967.

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Productivity in High and Low Islands with Special Emphasis to Rodent Populations

Jackson, W.B

Pacific islands of two principal types offer somewhat contrasting environments. The high island offers an environment of high annual rainfall (often in excess of 200 inches), moderate temperatures, and lush vegetation. The atoll is somewhat drier (usually less than 150 inches) and warmer (80°F. or higher average temperature), the more xeric conditions resulting in somewhat lower bioproductivity. (While my comments relate to experience in Micronesia and more specifically in the Marshalls and eastern Carolines, the parameters considered here relate to other areas of the Pacific as well.)

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 3 (1): 5-15, 1967.

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3. Costion, C.M. & D.H. Lorence 2012. The Endemic Plants of Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Commentary. Micronesica. 43(1): 51-100. Date Revised/Accepted: 09 July 2011.

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The Endemic Plants of Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Commentary

Costion, C.M. & D.H. Lorence

The Micronesia-Polynesia bioregion is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, until now estimates regarding the number of endemic plant species for the region were not supported by any compre- hensive published work for the region. The results of this study indicate that Micronesia has the world’s highest percentage of plant endemism per square kilometer out of all globally recognized insular biodiversity hot- spots. A checklist of all endemic plant species for Micronesia is presented here with their corresponding geographical limits within the region. A summary of previous work and estimates is also provided noting the degree of taxonomic progress in the past several decades. A total of 364 vascular plant species are considered endemic to Micronesia, most of them being restricted to the Caroline Islands with a large percentage restricted to Palau. The checklist includes seven new combinations, one new name, and two unverified names that require additional study to verify endemic status. Overviews of each respective botanical family represented in the list are given including additional information on the Micronesian taxa. Recommendations for future work and potential projects are alluded to throughout the text highlighting major data gaps and very poorly known taxa. The following new combinations and names are made: Cyclosorus carolinensis (Hosokawa) Lorence, comb. nov., Cyclosorus gretheri (W. H. Wagner) Lorence, comb. nov., Cyclosorus guamensis (Holttum) Lorence, comb. nov., Cyclosorus palauensis (Hosokawa) Lorence, comb. nov., Cyclosorus rupiinsularis (Fosberg) Lorence, comb. nov., Dalbergia hosokawae Costion nom. nov., Syzygium trukensis (Hosokawa) Costion & E. Lucas comb. nov.

Micronesica 43(1): 51-100, 2012.

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Costion & Lorence 2012	pdf 3_costion.lorence_micronesica_431.pdf (323.55 KB)	323.55 KB

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