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4. Henrickson, P.R 1968. Two Forms of Primitive Art in Micronesia. Micronesica. 4 (1): 39-48. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1968.

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Two Forms of Primitive Art in Micronesia

Henrickson, P.R

These drawings are relatively unknown and infrequently visited. One reason for this is related to superstitions surrounding "Taotao Mona". It is maintained by Guamanians now in their twenties that with them the controlling belief in "Taotao Mona" (beings inhabiting certain quarters who render retribution on those failing to ask their pardon for trespassing) is no longer operative. This may be so, but only in few cases has the lack of fear overcome the tabu and encouraged a lively curiosity about certain areas.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 4 (1): 39-48, 1968.

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4. Falanruw, M.V.C 1988. On the Status, Reproductive Biology and Management of Fruit Bats of Yap. Micronesica. 21 (1 & 2): 39-52. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1988.

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On the Status, Reproductive Biology and Management of Fruit Bats of Yap

Falanruw, M.V.C

Traditional exploitation of fruit bats of Yap is limited, however commercial exploitation greatly reduced populations until they were protected indefinitely. There will be continued need to manage this resource. This paper is based on field work conducted while Yap's bats were intensively hunted. Data from field work is augmented with information from literature on other Pteropus to provide an overall picture of the life history of fruit bats for use by Micronesian resource managers.

The original data collected on Yap bats suggests that the populations of fruit bats on Yap islands and Ulithi atoll form two subspecies of Pteropus mariannus. In contrast to reports of seasonal breeding among other Pteropus over the past 51 years, Pteropus mariannus yapensis, reproduced throughout the time of this study. The reproductive ecology of Yap's bats and the importance of suitable habitat is also discussed.

Micronesica 21 (1 & 2): 39-52, 1988.

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4. Golabi, M.H., G.R.W. Denton, H.R. Wood, Y. Wen & C. Iyekar 2006. Impact of Ordot Dump on water quality of Lonfit River Basin in central Guam. 1. Soil characterization of nutrient retention. Micronesica. 39(1): 41-54. Date Revised/Accepted: 31 January 2006.

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Impact of Ordot Dump on water quality of Lonfit River Basin in central Guam. 1. Soil characterization of nutrient retention

Golabi, M.H., G.R.W. Denton, H.R. Wood, Y. Wen & C. Iyekar

In 2001 surface (runoff) leachate samples emanating from Ordot Dump near the village of Ordot in central Guam were scanned for priority pollutants currently listed under the Clean Water Act. Surface and subsurface flows downgradient of the dump were periodically sampled and analyzed for nutrients and heavy metals. The subsurface samples were collected by lysimeter at 0.7–2.0 meter depths. A time-series analysis of aqueous and soil samples with emphasis on solute transport through the soil was made in this part of the study. In a separate analysis, emphasis was made on the aqueous system with special attention to possible pathogenic contaminants from the study site. The results of this investigation show that the surface leachate streams from the Ordot Dump transport substantial quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus and essential trace elements to the middle reach of the Lonfit River before they get diluted further down the stream. However, the possibility that the surface leachates will contaminate the ground water and springs oozing out of the dump is extremely small due to filtering effect of the soils surrounding the Ordot dump. As the result of kaolinitic nature of these soils and due to the fact that chemical properties of these soils are consistent with variable charge soils in which their positively charged clay particles retain contaminants such as nitrate and phosphate the potential for groundwater contamination from these ions is small. On the other hand, considerable amount of nitrate and phosphate enter the head streams adjacent to the dump as the result of leachate runoff but their concentrations are reduced due to the dilution processes further away from the dump. However, heavy metals could have a significantly negative impact on plant growth and well-being of living organisms down gradient from the dump and warrant further investigation.

Micronesica 39(1): 41-54, 2006.

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4. Fosberg, F.R., M.H. Sachet & R. Oliver 1979. A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica. 15(1-2): 41-295. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1979.

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A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae

Fosberg, F.R., M.H. Sachet & R. Oliver

AII species of dicotyledons known from Micronesia are listed along with their distribution by islands. Basionyms, synonyms and misapplied names that have been used for Micronesian plants are also listed. 1342 species and varieties are listed, 662 of them indigenous, 680 exotic. Of the indigenous ones, 78 are endemic to the Marianas, 267 endemic to the Carolines, 24 endemic to the two groups, the remainder are more widespread, 4 are named hybrids. The relationships of the flora are mostly Indo-Malesian and with the Melanesia-New Guinea area. The strand and coastal plants are mostly widespread, some of them pantropical.

Micronesica 15(1-2): 41-295, 1979.

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Fosberg, Sachet, & Oliver 1979	pdf 1512_article_04ed.pdf (8.18 MB)	8.18 MB

4. Trono, G 1971. Some New Species of Marine Benthic Algae from the Caroline Islands, Western-Central Pacific. Micronesica. 7(1/2): 45-77. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1971.

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Some New Species of Marine Benthic Algae from the Caroline Islands, Western-Central Pacific

Trono, G

No abstract provided.

Micronesica 7(1/2): 45-77, 1971.

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4. Drahos, N 1977. Additions to the Avifauna of Guam. Micronesica. 13 (1): 45-48. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1977.

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Additions to the Avifauna of Guam

Drahos, N

While some of the following 10 bird species have been recorded on other Micronesian islands (Seale, 1901; Baker, 1951; Jouanin, 1956), they have never been recorded on Guam.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 13 (1): 45-48, 1977.

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4. Stone, B.C 1965. Further Additions to the Flora of Guam. Micronesica. 2 (1): 46-50. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1965.

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Further Additions to the Flora of Guam

Stone, B.C

Since the publication of "Additions to the Flora of Guam" in the first volume of this journal (Micronesica 1: 131-135. 1964) further explorations have revealed the presence in Guam of several interesting species of phanerograms, which are here recorded. The general conclusion may be drawn that in due course almost all species previously known only from Rota or from Saipan, or both, will be found in Guam, although there may be a few exceptions . To date several supposed Rota or Saipan " endemic" species have now been confirmed in Guam also, notably Psychotria rotensis Kaneh., and the species reported below . On the other hand, there will probably be a number of species known from Guam which will not be found in the northern limestone Marianas islands. One exception may be the small native Leucaena in Guam, which has not yet been recorded in the other Marianas, but because of its preference for limestone beach areas may occur north of Guam . The islands north of Saipan, predominantly younger volcanic peaks, will probably continue to figure as the habitat of a few endemics or at least of species not found to the south whether in Guam or in the Saipan-Rota-Tinian-Agiguan region. Also to date the root parasite Balanophora mariannae Hosokawa, described from Sarigan (Type), and recorded from Alamagan and Saipan (and recently collected in Saipan by Fosberg and by Stone), has not been found in Guam, although it has been found in Truk (Stone no. 5353, GUAM). In Guam there is found Balanophora pentamera van Tieghem, a very different species in appearance, red instead of yellow in color.
(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 2 (1): 46-50, 1965.

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4. Stone, B.C 1981. East Polynesian Species of Freycinetia Gaudichaud (Pandanaceae). Micronesica. 17 (1 & 2): 47-58. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1981.

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East Polynesian Species of Freycinetia Gaudichaud (Pandanaceae)

Stone, B.C

Three species of Freycinetia (F. arborea, F. impavida, and F. baueriana) are found in Eastern Polynesia, defined as the Hawaiian, Marquesan, Society, Cook, Austral, and Tubuai Archipelagoes, and New Zealand. These have been known under various names, which are cited in synonymy. The species F. baueriana exists as two subspecies, one in Norfolk Island, one in new Zealand. Key to species, full literature citations, typification, and nomenclature are presented.

Micronesica 17 (1 & 2): 47-58, 1981.

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4. N'Yeurt, A.D.R., G.R. South, & D.W. Keats 1996. A Revised Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Fiji Islands, South Pacific (Including the Island of Rotuma). Micronesica. 29 (1): 49-98. Date Revised/Accepted: 31 October 1995.

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A Revised Checklist of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Fiji Islands, South Pacific (Including the Island of Rotuma)

N'Yeurt, A.D.R., G.R. South, & D.W. Keats

A revised checklist of 422 taxa of benthic marine algae is provided for the Fiji Islands, South Pacific, including the island of Rotuma. The list comprises 39 Cyanophyceae, 113 Chlorophyceae, 42 Phaeophyceae and 228 Rhodophyceae. Included are all previously published records and some yet unpublished additions, with the systematic arrangement and nomenclature brought up to date. A preliminary revision of the crustose coralline algae known from Fiji is included. The flora still remains relatively poorly known, and many areas have yet to be phycologically studied, such as much of the Lau Group, and most of Vanua Levu.

Micronesica 29 (1): 49-98, 1996.

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N'Yeurt, South, & Keats 1996	pdf nyeurtocr.pdf (1.55 MB)	1.55 MB

4. Hunter-Anderson, R.L & M.W. Graves 1990. Coming from Where? An Introduction to Recent Advances in Micronesian Archaeology. Micronesica. Suppl. 2: 5-16. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1990.

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Coming from Where? An Introduction to Recent Advances in Micronesian Archaeology

Hunter-Anderson, R.L & M.W. Graves

'Coming from where' in the title of this introductory paper is intended to convey the idea that the first international conference on Micronesian archaeology and physical anthropology, convened on Guam in September 1987, not only considered the geographic and racial origins of the indigenous peoples of this vast oceanic region, nor only the variations in cultural adaptations that have evolved in the Micronesian islands over the last three or four thousand years. In its topical and geographic breadth the conference also highlighted the variety of motivations, backgrounds, and agendas of the practitioners of the art, some would say science, some would say hobby, some would even say business, of prehistoric and historic archaeology in the western Pacific. Micronesian archaeology today is, indeed, coming from several places.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica Suppl. 2: 5-16, 1990.

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4. Lobban, C.S. & R.T. Tsuda 2003. Revised checklist of benthic marine macroalgae and seagrasses of Guam and Micronesia. Micronesica. 35-36: 54-99.

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Revised checklist of benthic marine macroalgae and seagrasses of Guam and Micronesia

Lobban, C.S. & R.T. Tsuda

We have compiled the new records and nomenclatural changes since Tsuda & Wray’s 1977 checklist and Tsuda’s 1981a addendum. There are now 653 species of benthic marine algae reported from Micronesia: 85 species of Cyanophyta, 324 Rhodophyta, 58 Heterokontophyta (including 54 Phaeophyceae), and 186 Chlorophyta. We document here 40 new records for Guam. The total for Guam is now 237 species: 26 Cyanophyta, 109 Rhodophyta, 31 Heterokontophyta (including 27 Phaeophyceae), and 71 Chlorophyta. We have included 3 Pelagophyceae and 1 Bacillariophyceae (diatom) that form macroscopic colonies, as well as the 10 species of seagrasses (Magnoliophyta) that occur in the region.

Micronesica 35-36: 54-99, 2003.

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Lobban et al 2003	pdf 4-seaweeds1.pdf (447.52 KB)	447.52 KB

4. Hunt, Jr. E.E. & J.D. Mavalwala 1964. Finger Ridge Counts in the Micronesians of Yap. Micronesica. 1 (1 & 2): 55-58. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1964.

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Finger Ridge Counts in the Micronesians of Yap

Hunt, Jr. E.E. & J.D. Mavalwala

The present paper is a comparative and familial analysis of finger ridge counts of the right hand only. The data come from finger prints of a sample of Micronesian males from Yap, in the Western Caroline Islands. As shown previously, the palm and finger prints of the Yapese resemble most closely those of other Pacific islanders and mainlanders from Southeast Asia (Mavalwala and Hunt, 1964; Swindler, Mavalwala and Hunt, 1963). The dermatoglyphic affinities of the Yapese agree well with their position as deduced from anthropometry (Hunt, 1950a, 1950b). Within Yap itself, the population is divided into three largely endogamous castes which are slightly differentiated in size, physique, and dermatoglyphic features.
(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 1 (1 & 2): 55-58, 1964.

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Hunt & Mavalwala 1964	pdf hunt_and_mavalwala-finger_ridge_counts_in_the_micronesians_of_yapo.pdf (522.9 KB)	522.9 KB

4. Doty, M.S 1973. Farming the Red Seaweed, Eucheuma, for Carrageenans. Micronesica. 9 (1): 59-74. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1973.

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Farming the Red Seaweed, Eucheuma, for Carrageenans

Doty, M.S

The modern food industry requires 10 to 20 times more carrageenan than the wild seaweed crop provides. Part of this need is being met by the research and development reported here on the basic production ecology and agronomy of Eucheuma, a carrageenan-producing tropical seaweed. Other marine algae, such as Chondrus crispus, the "Irish moss" of temperate regions, produce variable mixtures of the different carrageenans. The genus, Eucheuma, can be divided (Table 1) into two groups of species producing, respectively, iota or kappa carrageenan.
(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 9 (1): 59-74, 1973.

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Doty 1973	pdf farming_the_red_seaweed_eucheuma_for_carrageenans_doty_m.s.-micronesica_vol._9_no._1_jul._1973_o.pdf (1.13 MB)	1.13 MB

4. Olsen, A.R. & M. Eberdong 2009. Species Richness and Other Noteworthy Observations at an Important Bird Area in Palau. Micronesica. 41(1): 59-69. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 2008.

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Species Richness and Other Noteworthy Observations at an Important Bird Area in Palau

Olsen, A.R. & M. Eberdong

A one-year survey of the species richness of birds at a study site in an Important Bird Area (IBA) in Ngaremlengui, Palau, found 38 species of birds including 30 resident species and 8 migratory species. Eight of the 30 resident species are not previously reported from the IBA. The survey results represent a comparatively rich and noteworthy diversity for a locality on Babeldaob Island in Palau. Field observations describe nesting and feeding behaviors as well as local range extensions including the first record of the endemic Giant White-eye (Megazosterops palauensis) on Babeldaob Island.

Micronesica 41(1): 59-69, 2009.

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Olsen & Eberdong 2009	pdf 4_olseneberdong_59-69.pdf (347.67 KB)	347.67 KB

4. Manner, H 2008. Directions for long-term research in traditional agricultural systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands. Micronesica. 40(1/2): 63-86. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 December 2007.

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Directions for long-term research in traditional agricultural systems of Micronesia and the Pacific Islands

Manner, H

Following a review of the major systems of traditional agriculture, this paper briefly considers the role of traditional agriculture in environmental modification, and the related concepts of sustain- ability, agricultural intensification, carrying capacity, biodiversity and agricultural disintensification (abandonment). Research interest in traditional agricultural systems of the Pacific Islands has waned considerably since the 1960s and there are few current studies of these systems in Micronesia. Both species and cultivar diversity of the traditional agricultural systems of the region are high and may contribute significantly to their sustainability. However, there is little ongoing research on the role of biodiversity in these traditional systems. Some reasons for the apparent lack of research in the ecology of traditional agricultural systems are presented. The Pacific-Asia Biodiversity Transect (PABITRA) network emphasizes investigation of the function of biodiversity and the health of ecosystems in the tropical Pacific Islands. Accordingly, PABITRA’s focus should be on long-term monitoring of traditional agricultural systems in order to define their structural and functional characteristics and the relationship between diversity and sustainability. Given the rapid rate of modernization, the documentation of traditional agricultural knowledge and resources is imperative as this knowledge is rapidly being lost.

Micronesica 40(1/2): 63-86, 2008.

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4. Nafus, D. & I. Schreiner 1989. Biological Control Activities in the Mariana Islands from 1911 to 1988. Micronesica. 22 (1): 65-106. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 August 1989.

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Biological Control Activities in the Mariana Islands from 1911 to 1988.

Nafus, D. & I. Schreiner

Biological control started in the Marianas in 1911. Biocontrol agents have been introduced to control herbivorous insects, weeds, dung, molluscs, livestock pests, mosquitoes, and household pests. In all, 104 species of insects, two predatory mites, three snails, one nematode, and four vertebrates have been intentionally introduced to Guam for the purposes of controlling 41 pest species. Of the insect species, 34 established, 48 did not establish, 5 established temporarily, and the status of the rest is not known. Additional introductions were made to other islands in the Marianas. Among the pests most successfully controlled by biological agents were Achatina fulica, Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aspidiotus destructor, Brontispa mariana, B. palauensis, Epilachna vigintisexpunctata philippinensis, Nipaecoccus viridis, Erionota thrax, Penicillaria jocosatrix, and Spodoptera litura. Two weeds, Lantana camara and Chromolaena odorata have been successfully controlled by herbivorous insects. Most attempts at biological control in the Marianas have been transfers of species successfully introduced elsewhere. Most species introduced from temperate climatic zones failed to establish. Species which established on Hawaii, frequently established on Guam as well. Reasons for failure to establish are varied. Against Homopteran pests, 58% of the introduced natural enemies established. The establishment rate against Lepidoptera and Diptera was low.

Micronesica 22 (1): 65-106, 1989.

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Nafus 1989	pdf 4-biological20control20activities20in20the20marianas20islands20from20191120to20198820micronesica20vol.202220no.20120aug.2c201989.pdf (996.28 KB)	996.28 KB

4. Clark, G. & D. Wright 2005. On The Periphery? Archaeological Investigations At Ngelong, Angaur Island, Palau. Micronesica. 38(1): 67-91. Date Revised/Accepted: 07 January 2005.

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On The Periphery? Archaeological Investigations At Ngelong, Angaur Island, Palau

Clark, G. & D. Wright

Ngelong is an extensive late-prehistoric site situated within the rugged limestone terrain of Angaur Island. Earlier research documented extensive midden and artefact deposits, but only a few stone structures. Recent archaeological work has confirmed the relative absence of built stone features, and obtained new data—including radiocarbon dates and X-Ray Fluorescence results—to evaluate the Ngelong occupation. These indicate the site dates to 450–250 cal. B.P., and overlaps in time with Rock Island villages containing abundant stone work. Compared to several other prehistoric sites in southern Palau, Ngelong is atypical, and appears to represent community occupation of a peripheral socio-economic landscape as a result of warfare, a possibility also found in traditional accounts. While constructed defences indicate the existence of inter-group hostility in the past, it is suggested the outcome of warfare resulted in significant differences between late-prehistoric Palauan communities, which can be identified in the archaeological settlement record.

Micronesica 38(1): 67-91, 2005.

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4. Clark, P., J.H. Underwood, & P. Jones 1975. Serum Proteins in People of the Yap Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 71-76. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.

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Serum Proteins in People of the Yap Islands

Clark, P., J.H. Underwood, & P. Jones

Serum protein patterns were studied in 186 female and 147 male adults from the Yap Islands. Total proteins were determined by the Biuret Test and relative amounts of different serum proteins were obtained by scanning electrophoretic patterns. Immunoglobulins A, G, and M were determined in 63 randomly selected samples from this group and Immunoglobulin E from 28 randomly selected samples.

In company with other indigenous populations of the tropical regions of the Pacific, there is an increased mean gamma globulin and decreased albumin in comparison with values from Australian caucasians. A moderately elevated Immunoglobulin G and a marked Immunoglobulin E value was observed in sera from Yap Islands people. The possible reasons for these results are briefly discussed.

Micronesica 11 (1): 71-76, 1975.

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Clark, Underwood, & Jones 1975	pdf serum_proteins_in_people_of_the_yap_islands_by_clark_p._j.h._underwood_and_p._jones_-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (348.72 KB)	348.72 KB

4. Steadman, D.W 1992. Extinct and Extirpated Birds from Rota, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 25 (1): 71-84. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1992.

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Extinct and Extirpated Birds from Rota, Mariana Islands

Steadman, D.W

Twenty-one species of birds were recovered from preliminary excavations in 1990 at a late Holocene bone deposit in Payapai Cave, Rota, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Twelve of these species are extinct or extirpated on Rota. Three of these (Audubon's Shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri; Micronesian Megapode, Megapodius laperouse; Island Swiftlet, Collocalia vanikorensis) are known from Rota in the 19th or 20th century. Two others (White-browed Crake, Poliolimnas cinereus; Guam flycatcher, Myiagra cf. freycineti) are previously unknown on Rota but have been recorded on Guam. Three species (Blue-gray Noddy, Procelsterna cerulea; swamphen?, Porphyrio? sp.; Micronesian Pigeon, Ducula oceanica) have not been recorded previously from the Mariana Islands but still occur elsewhere in Micronesia. Four species are extinct and undescribed (a small, perhaps flightless duck, Anatidae new sp.; giant ground-dove, Gallicolumba new sp.; large parrot, Psittacidae new sp.; large parrotfinch, Erythrura new sp.). An unnamed cave on Rota yielded a single bone of the Common Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus, also extirpated on Rota. Although more bones are needed to refine certain identifications and describe new species, the preliminary results from Rota indicate that great losses of birds occurred in the Mariana Islands during the past few millennia. Probably the same is true throughout Micronesia, where the prehistoric record of birds, confined thus far to Rota, is much more limited than in Polynesia.

Micronesica 25 (1): 71-84, 1992.

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4. Bickel, D.J 1994. Insects of Micronesia Volume 13, no. 8 Diptera: Dolichopodidae Part I. Sciapodinae, Medeterinae and Sympycninae (part). Micronesica. 27(1/2): 73-118. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1994.

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Insects of Micronesia Volume 13, no. 8 Diptera: Dolichopodidae Part I. Sciapodinae, Medeterinae and Sympycninae (part)

Bickel, D.J

The Micronesian fauna of 3 subfamilies, Sciapodinae, Medeterinae and Sympycninae (part) (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) comprises 29 species of which 15 are newly described: Chrysosoma guamense, C. yapense, C. townesi, C. kusaiense, C. agrihan, C. clarkei, C. mariana, C. pelagica (also from the Philippines), Krakatauia micronesiana, Amblypsilopus sabroskyi, A. ponapensis, A. belauensis, A. trukensis, Medetera babelthaup, and Syntormon boninense. Keys are provided, and the key to Chrysosoma includes all described Micronesian, Polynesian, and eastern Melanesian species.

Micronesica 27(1/2): 73-118, 1994.

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4. Rinehart, A.F. & F.R. Fosberg 1991. Nervilia jacksoniae nov. sp., a new species of orchidaceae from Guam and Rota. Micronesica. 24 (1): 81-85. Date Revised/Accepted: 06 January 1991.

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Nervilia jacksoniae nov. sp., a new species of orchidaceae from Guam and Rota

Rinehart, A.F. & F.R. Fosberg

A new species of Orchidaceae, Nervilia jacksoniae from the Mariana Islands of Rota and Guam is described. The plant is small, seasonal, characterized by a reniform, hirtellous leaf and a uniflorous inflorescence with a deeply folded, fimbriate lip.

Micronesica 24 (1): 81-85, 1991.

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Rinehart & Fosberg 1991	pdf article4combo.pdf (317.82 KB)	317.82 KB

4. Cairns, S.D 1978. Distichopora (Haplomerismos) anceps, a new Stylasterine coral (Coelenterata: Stylasterina) from deep water off the Hawaiian Islands. Micronesica. 14(1): 83-87. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 June 1978.

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Distichopora (Haplomerismos) anceps, a new Stylasterine coral (Coelenterata: Stylasterina) from deep water off the Hawaiian Islands

Cairns, S.D

A new species of Stylasterina from the slope off Laysan, Hawaiian Islands is described, representing the first documented record of Stylasterina for the Hawaiian islands. A new subgenus of Distichopora is described to contain this distinctively branched species.

Micronesica 14(1): 83-87, 1978.

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	pdf cairns-4a.pdf (3.54 MB)	3.54 MB

4. Quinn, N. & M. Mataki 1999. The Subsistence Fishery Productivity and Marine Resource Knowledge of Resettled Polynesians from Tikopia Island, Solomon Islands. Micronesica. 32(1): 95-107. Date Revised/Accepted: 15 June 1998.

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The Subsistence Fishery Productivity and Marine Resource Knowledge of Resettled Polynesians from Tikopia Island, Solomon Islands

Quinn, N. & M. Mataki

This study documents the fishing practices and local knowledge of marine resources of a group of Polynesian Tikopians who were resettled to Nukufero Village in the Russell Islands in the 1950s. Both the exploitation of the marine resources and cultural attitudes associated with the resource utilization in their new location are described. Technological advances like the use of monofilament lines, metal fishhooks, and iron spears have been incorporated into the fishing practices. Marine organisms have provided food, materials for tools and utensils, weapons, ornaments, and medicine for many generations for this society. With the introduction of commercial fishing there has been a gradual change in the perception of the utilization of marine resources. The people of Nukufero are presently reevaluating the values they place on their marine resources and considering ways that traditional approaches to the resource exploitation can be respected and yet development can proceed without damage to either cultural values or fish stocks.

Micronesica 32(1): 95-107, 1999.

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4. Kott, P 1982. Didemnid-Algal Symbioses: Host Species in the Western Pacific with Notes on the Symbiosis. Micronesica. 18 (1): 95-128. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1982.

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Didemnid-Algal Symbioses: Host Species in the Western Pacific with Notes on the Symbiosis

Kott, P

Collections from Palau, Philippine and Caroline Islands, Guam and the Great Barrier Reef contain 15 (including 2 that are new) of the 20 didemnid species known to contain algal symbionts. With the exception of the Fijian species (Diplosoma multipapillata) and two species known only from the Atlantic and eastern Pacific (Trididemnum solidum and T. della vallei), all the known species have a wide geographic range in the western Pacific and some extend into the western Indian Ocean. Populations of several of the species suggest a degree of isolation, but not speciation. The known geographic ranges of all but the most conspicuous species are affected by patterns of collecting. A key to identification of species is based on features of both the zooids and the colony and its contained spicules. Species descriptions complement those of Kott (1980).

Micronesica 18 (1): 95-128, 1982.

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4. Reed, R.N., J.M. Morton & G.E. Desy 2000. Use of Monofilament Snare Traps for Capture of Varanid Lizards. Micronesica. 33(1/2): 99-104. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 March 2000.

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Use of Monofilament Snare Traps for Capture of Varanid Lizards

Reed, R.N., J.M. Morton & G.E. Desy

Varanid lizards (goannas, monitors) are wary and difficult to capture. We designed a baited trap consisting of multiple monofilament snares tied in a grid pattern on wire mesh (chicken wire), and used this design to capture mangrove monitors (Varanus indicus) on Rota, in the Northern Mariana Islands. We trapped 21 individuals during sporadic trapping in 1998-99, including 7 recaptures; most trapped individuals suffered no apparent ill effects. This trap design is inexpensive and easy to transport, but requires approximately one hour of construction time per trap. This trap has the potential to provide standardized non-lethal methods for estimation of density of varanid lizards in areas where visual counts are difficult. The trap should not be used in areas where threatened non-target species (especially mid-sized carnivores or scavengers) may be captured, as nooses may injure or kill less hardy species.

Micronesica 33(1/2): 99-104, 2000.

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5. Lofdahl, K.L 2017. Niche separation between the cosmopolitan species Drosophila melanogaster and the tropical Asian species Drosophila ananassae based on larval host-plant species. Micronesica. 2017-05: 1-7. Date Revised/Accepted: 13 September 2017.

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Niche separation between the cosmopolitan species Drosophila melanogaster and the tropical Asian species Drosophila ananassae based on larval host-plant species

Lofdahl, K.L

Studies of ecological separation between insects breeding in decaying fruits have rarely determined how generalist feeders can coexist. The present study tests whether two generalist and presently cosmopolitan species of fruitfly, Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila melanogaster, differ in their ability to breed on a highly acid, and possibly toxic, fruit, cucumberfruit (Oxalidaceae, Averrhoa bilimbi). Yeasted Averrhoa bilimbi fruits and yeasted banana (Musa species) fruit baits were placed out on Guam as oviposition substrates for local Drosophila species. An analysis of variance on the number of male flies of each species that eclosed from these two baits revealed a strong statistical interaction between Drosophila species and host-plant species (fruit type) (p<0.0001). The great majority of male flies eclosing from cucumberfruit were D. ananassae. In contrast, D. melanogaster was the principal species eclosing from bananas. Possibly, the geographic overlap between cucumberfruit and D. ananassae may have allowed D. ananassae to evolve a tolerance for cucumberfruit, which contains a high concentration of oxalic acid. The ability of at least some individuals of D. ananassae to breed on a common fruit that is not used by most D. melanogaster may permit coexistence of these generalist feeders on Guam and possibly other tropical Pacific Islands.

Micronesica 2017-05: 1-7, 2017.

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5. Bennett, W.A., J.S. Rohrer, N.N. Kadir, N.A. Fangue & T. F. Dabruzzi 2018. Effects of respiratory media, temperature, and species on metabolic rates of two sympatric periophthalmid mudskippers. Micronesica. 2018-05: 1-12. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 October 2018.

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Effects of respiratory media, temperature, and species on metabolic rates of two sympatric periophthalmid mudskippers

Bennett, W.A., J.S. Rohrer, N.N. Kadir, N.A. Fangue & T. F. Dabruzzi

Oxygen uptake rates in air and water were measured at 26.0 and 32.0°C for common mudskipper Periophthalmus kalolo collected from sun-exposed mudflats, and barred mudskipper Periophthalmus argentilineatus taken from shaded mangal zones on Hoga Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mass-adjusted oxygen consumption rates between mudskippers were statistically similar, with both species exhibiting higher uptake in air than water. Periophthalmus kalolo at 26.0 and 32.0°C had respective uptake values of 0.295 and 0.358 mg g^(0.75)−1 hr⁻¹in air, and 0.198 and 0.241 mg g^(0.75)−1 hr⁻¹ in water. Periophthalmus argentilineatus at 26.0 and 32.0°C had oxygen uptake values of 0.262 and 0.343 mg g^(0.75)−1 hr⁻¹ in air, and 0.199 and 0.246 mg g^(0.75)−1 hr⁻¹ in water. While metabolic rates increased significantly in both species following an acute increase in media temperature, the change was not large, indicating a reduced metabolic response to increasing environmental temperatures. Respective temperature quotients calculated from aerial and aquatic metabolic rate data were 1.38 and 1.39 for P. kalolo, and 1.56 and 1.42 for P. argentilineatus. The data reveal that P. kalolo and P. argentilineatus exhibit similar metabolic responses when exposed to changes in media and temperature, even though each experiences markedly different diel habitat temperature profiles and insolation patterns.

Micronesica 2018-05: 1-12, 2018.

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5. Lofdahl, K.L. 2014. Molecular Genetic Research on Terrestrial Plants and Animals in Micronesia over the Previous 60 Years. Micronesica. 2014-05: 1-8. Date Revised/Accepted: 22 September 2014.

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Molecular Genetic Research on Terrestrial Plants and Animals in Micronesia over the Previous 60 Years

Lofdahl, K.L.

Early genetic studies in Micronesia focused on the use of protein electrophoresis to identify species and to measure genetic diversity within and among species. With the development of DNA sequencing techniques, many terrestrial species were discovered to be distinct from species on neighboring islands that share similar morphologies. With mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequencing, and also DNA profiling (microsatellites), a number of endemic and introduced species were found to have lost genetic variation upon colonization and even to have undergone subsequent genetic bottlenecks. Other species were shown to have wide distributions maintained by considerable gene flow among islands. DNA sequencing and microsatellite studies have also been important in ongoing research to determine the geographic origin of agricultural pests and vertebrate invasive species. The ability to document the amount of genetic variation present in endangered species, keystone species, and invasive species offers important insights into the potential adaptability of these species to a changing environment. Considerable research opportunities exist for future population genetic studies, including the application of more advanced genetic methods, such as detection of natural polymorphisms, genome sequencing and gene expression studies. Such investigations could be of considerable value in conservation planning, environmental management, and sustainable resource use in Micronesia through the identification of the genetic basis of specific environmental adaptations.

Micronesica 2014-05: 1-8, 2014.

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5. Czekanski-Moir, J.E Alan Raymond Olsen (1946-2018). Micronesica. 2019-5: 1-4. Date Revised/Accepted: 03 December 2019.

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Alan Raymond Olsen (1946-2018)

Czekanski-Moir, J.E

In 1966, Alan Raymond Olsen (1946 - 2018) told a psychologist working for the newly formed Peace Corps that a particular Rorschach “ink blot” test looked like an amblypygid. The psychologist was likely confused upon hearing a reference to this obscure order of arachnids, but luckily they approved Olsen to join the first class of Peace Corps volunteers sent to Micronesia. Olsen soon found himself in a village in Palau’s Ngatpang State where almost no one understood any English, all electricity was from a diesel generator, and Palauans had not yet widely started to use chairs in their houses. He would spend much of his three years in Palau teaching English and learning about the organisms and environments of Babeldaob. Olsen split his Peace Corps days between Ngatpang and Ngerchelong States, where he met future collaborators and supervisors, including Faustina Rehuher and the late Demei Otobed, as well as his future wife Angelina Smaserui.

(Please view the entire article for the full text.)

Micronesica 2019-5: 1-4,

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5. Yang, J., S.J. Afaisen & R. Gadi 2016. Antimicrobial activity of noni fruit essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis. Micronesica. 2016-05: 1-10. Date Revised/Accepted: 12 January 2017.

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Antimicrobial activity of noni fruit essential oil on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis

Yang, J., S.J. Afaisen & R. Gadi

Noni (Morinda citrifolia, L.) is a medicinal plant in the Pacific Islands. The noni fruit juice and powders are used as botanical dietary supplements for health benefits. In this study, we extracted noni essential oil (EO) from ripe fruit by hydro-distillation, determined its antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis, and elucidated major antimicrobial components of noni EO. Ripe noni fruit produced EO at a yield of 5% (w/w). When directly plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA), noni EO exhibited a surface minimum inhibitory concentration (MICsurface) at 0.3 μl/cm2 against E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis. With the dilution method using tryptic soy broth (TSB), noni EO exhibited a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 4.0 μl/ml against E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis. The survival curve shows that noni EO at 4.0 μl/ml inactivated more than 8 logs of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Enteritidis in TSB. With the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, the major volatile compounds in noni EO were identified as caprylic acid (82%), 2-heptanone (8.6%), α-pinene (4.3%), camphene (2.3%), and methyl ester (2.3%). The results suggest that caprylic acid, a medium chain fatty acid, was the main component for the antimicrobial activity of noni EO.

Micronesica 2016-05: 1-10, 2016.

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Yang et al 2016	pdf yangetal2016proofv1.pdf (676.94 KB)	676.94 KB

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