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12. Micronesica Editor 2007. Corrigendum. Micronesica. 39(2): 315 Date Revised/Accepted: 05 February 2007.
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Corrigendum

Micronesica Editor

Marler, T. & R. Muniappan. 2006. Pests of Cycas micronesica leaf, stem, and male reproductive tissues with notations on current threat status. Micronesica 39(1): 1-9

The caption for Figure 2 has B and C switched. The caption should read:

Figure 2. Phenotype of cycad aulacaspis scale infestation on Cycas micronesica. (A) Abaxial surface of heavily infested rachis and leaflets. (B) Male cone and petiole infestation. (C) Petioles collapse following scale infestation.
Micronesica 39(2): 315 2007.
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12. Paul, V.J. 1993. Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Seaweed Testing on Guam. Micronesica. 26(1): 45-47. Date Revised/Accepted: 29 May 1992.
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Guam Seaweed Poisoning: Seaweed Testing on Guam

Paul, V.J.

In vitro and in vivo studies of aqueous and organic extracts of Gracilaria seaweed harvested from several sites on Guam have shown them to contain biotoxins which are believed to serve as natural deterrents to grazing by herbivorous fish. The highest levels of these toxins were observed in Gracilaria collected from the Tanguisson Beach area soon after an incident of human seaweed poisoning involving Gracilaria harvested from the same site. 
Micronesica 26(1): 45-47, 1993.
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12. Camacho, F.A. & A.M. Kerr 2012. Obituary: C. Lynn Raulerson. Micronesica. 43(2): 481-485. Date Revised/Accepted: 26 December 2012.
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Obituary: C. Lynn Raulerson

Camacho, F.A. & A.M. Kerr

Dr. Lynn “Doc” Raulerson, curator of the Guam Herbarium and University of Guam Professor of Biology, died on 21 August 2012, at the age of 75. Her departure is a significant loss for Pacific science education and Micronesian botany.

Few faculty at the University of Guam (UOG) have had such a prolonged and profound effect on their programs as Lynn. During the over forty years of her service to UOG, she advised the nearly 300 graduates from the biology program. Many of her students became teachers, doctors, lawyers, business people, research scientists, and, of course, university professors. Both of us have had the fortunate opportunity to know Lynn from both sides of the lectern. We are graduates of the undergraduate biology program at UOG and later, returned to join her as biology faculty colleagues at UOG.

Lynn Raulerson was born in Arcadia, Florida in 1937 and grew up in and around the Lake Okeechobee area. As a child, she had a strong inclination for biology. Once when she was but five years old, she kept a clutch of sea-turtle eggs under her bed until they hatched. She eventually released the hatchlings into the sea, but she was mortified when the sheriff visited her parents that night, fearing that she might be arrested and hauled off for her trans-species parenting. As the daughter of a military officer, she moved around a lot during World War II, finally settling in Georgia. She enrolled at Stephens College where she received an A.A. and then entered Emory University where she completed her Master’s studies in 1960. She then taught for several years at what would eventually become Samford University just outside of Birmingham, Alabama in the early 1960’s. However, she would soon enter the storied ecology program at the University of Georgia (then home of the famous ecologist Eugene Odum), where she received her Ph.D. in 1970, investigating respiration and nutrient cycling in freshwater oligochaete worms.

In 1971, she was hired by the University of Guam to both teach and train students and to assist with research on the crown-of-thorns starfish, then devastating Guam’s coral reefs. A self-described generalist, she found that the tropics offered an endless number of biological questions ripe for the asking. She was also involved with a number of organizations in the community, including work with the Guam Science Teachers Association, various horticultural and environmental groups, as well as numerous musical productions. By the 1980’s she had assumed the mantle of teaching the foundational introductory biology course for the undergraduate biology program and also took over as curator of the collections of UOG’s Guam Herbarium. With her long-time friend Agnes Rinehart, she also wrote two classic books: Trees and Shrubs of the Northern Mariana Islands and Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands. She also founded the Herbarium’s report series University of Guam Herbarium Contributions, which recorded many of her botanical expeditions, often with students, around Guam and to other islands of the Marianas. Towards the time of her passing, she had also been working on a revision of Benjamin Stone’s classic Flora of Guam, first published as a volume in Micronesica in 1970.

As a coda to these achievements, in the last year of her life, she worked to create the Raulerson Charitable Trust to address two primary concerns of hers: Improving animal welfare on Guam and increasing our understanding of the flora of the region through the Guam Herbarium. Among her final projects was the renovation of the Herbarium which, under Lynn’s tenure, had blossomed from 7,000 to over 61,000 mounted specimens. We regret that Lynn was not able to see these changes completed. But her legacy will live on in the spirit of both her students and her friends and through a strong and viable university.

-- Frank A. Camacho, Division of Natural Sciences, U. Guam and Alexander M. Kerr, UOG Marine Laboratory

Micronesica 43(2): 481-485, 2012.
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12. Stone, B.C 1967. Whitmore, T.C. Guide to the Forests of the British Solomon Islands. British Solomon Islands Protectorate, Forest Record No. 2. Oxford University Press. 1966. i-xi, 1-208, endpaper maps, figs. 1-17. Price 40 shillings (U.K.). Micronesica. 3 (1): 75-79. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1967.
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Whitmore, T.C. Guide to the Forests of the British Solomon Islands. British Solomon Islands Protectorate, Forest Record No. 2. Oxford University Press. 1966. i-xi, 1-208, endpaper maps, figs. 1-17. Price 40 shillings (U.K.).

Stone, B.C

The British Solomon Islands are not quite all of the Solomon Islands-Bougainville comes under the Australian Papua-New Guinea Territory-and they include for political reasons the Santa Cruz Group, islands which are neighbors and similar to the others although with some special characters. Thus, the islands covered by this book are, from north-west to south-east, Fauro , the Shortland Islands, Treasury Islands, Choiseul I., the New Georgia Group (chiefly Vella Lavella, Kolombangara, Rendova, New Georgia , and Vangunu), Santa Ysabel , the Russell Group, the Florida Islands (including Tulagi and Nggela), Malaita, Ulawa, San Cristobal, Bellona, and Rennell, together with many small islets and some atolls; and the Santa Cruz Group (Tinakula , Santa Cruz , Utupua, and Vanikoro).
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Micronesica 3 (1): 75-79, 1967.
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Stone 1967
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book_review_guide_to_the_forests_of_the_british_solomon_islands_by_t.c._whitmore_reviewed_by_stone_b.c._-_micronesica_vol.3_no.1_jul_1967o.pdf (2.59 MB)
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12. Chiu, C.H. & A. Moore 1993. Biological Control of the Philippine Lady Beetle, Epilachna philippinensis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on solanaceous plants by the parasitoid, Pediobius foveolatus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), on Saipan. Micronesica. Suppl. 4: 79-80. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1993.
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Biological Control of the Philippine Lady Beetle, Epilachna philippinensis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on solanaceous plants by the parasitoid, Pediobius foveolatus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), on Saipan

Chiu, C.H. & A. Moore

The Philippine lady beetle became a serious pest of solana­ceous crops on Saipan after its accidental introduction in 1948. In 1985, Pediobius foveolatus adults were reared from Epilachna varivestis pupae which had been parasitised as larvae in USA. These parasitoids were released into two heavily-infested mixed plantings of eggplant and to­mato. In a 1989 survey, P. foveolatus was reared from 80% of E. phi­lippinensis larvae collected. Prior to release of the parasitoid, E. philip­pinensis was typically controlled using biweekly insecticide applications, but chemical control is now required only occasionally. Rapid success of this program may be due to an abundance of solanaceous weeds (eg. Physalis spp., Solanum nigrum) providing an untreated refuge for par­asitoid production. 
Micronesica Suppl. 4: 79-80, 1993.
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Chiu & Moore 1993
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12. Brown, E.L 1965. Carano, P. & P.C. Sanchez. A Complete History of Guam. 452, pages; endpaper map; 42 illustrations. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Rutland, Vermont. 1964. Micronesica. 2 (1): 89-89. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1965.
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Carano, P. & P.C. Sanchez. A Complete History of Guam. 452, pages; endpaper map; 42 illustrations. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Rutland, Vermont. 1964.

Brown, E.L

In the preface the authors state "this book has been designed for reading by the general public and for possible use as a text book in the schools of Guam." This well-illustrated, well-balanced book will serve both needs. This is not a dry, dull history but one that reads smoothly and interestingly with certain features that make it well suited as a text. The authors used extensive quotes when the primary source material was unlikely to be available and provided each chapter with a good summary.
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Micronesica 2 (1): 89-89, 1965.
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12. Sands, D.P.A., M.C. Sands & M. Arura 1991. Banana Skipper, Erionota thrax (L.) (Lepidoptera:Hesperiidae) in Papua New Guinea: a New Pest in the South Pacific Region. Micronesica. Suppl. 3: 93-98. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Banana Skipper, Erionota thrax (L.) (Lepidoptera:Hesperiidae) in Papua New Guinea: a New Pest in the South Pacific Region

Sands, D.P.A., M.C. Sands & M. Arura

Banana skipper,  Erionota thrax (L.) (Lepidop­tera:Hesperiidae) a butterfly of Southeast Asian origin, was first recorded in Papua New Guinea in  1983. Since 1987, it has spread throughout the mainland from sea level to 2500 m. The larvae feed on all species of bananas reducing fruit yields and preventing the traditional use of leaves for other purposes. No hosts other than Musaceae were recorded for E. thrax in Papua New Guinea. A joint survey by CSIRO and the Papua New Guinea Department of Agriculture & Livestock investigated the natural enemies and abundance of  E.  thrax as  a  preliminary to biological control of the pest in Papua New Guinea. Of three egg par­asitoids found attacking E.  thrax, only Ooencyrtus erionotae Ferriere significantly influenced its abundance. Natural enemies of larvae and pupae were uncommon and an important larval parasitoid of E. thrax in Southeast Asia, Apanteles erionotae Wilkinson, was absent. E.  thrax could spread from Papua New Guinea, posing a threat to  bananas throughout the south Pacific region.
Micronesica Suppl. 3: 93-98, 1991.
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13. Muniappan, R. & M. Marutani 1991. Distribution and Control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae). Micronesica. Suppl. 3: 103-107. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Distribution and Control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)

Muniappan, R. & M. Marutani

Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson is a neotrop­ical weed, spread all over the humid tropical regions of Asia, Africa and Micronesia. This paper reviews mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological control methods against this weed. Of these methods, biological control either alone or in combination with others seems to be the most promising one to  suppress this weed. 
Micronesica Suppl. 3: 103-107, 1991.
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Muniappan & Marutani 1991
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13. Rice, M.E 1976. Sipunculans Associated with Coral Communities. Micronesica. 12 (1): 119-132. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1976.
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Sipunculans Associated with Coral Communities

Rice, M.E

Sipunculans occupy several habitats within the coral-reef community, often occurring in great densities. They may be found in burrows of their own formation within dead coral rock, wedged into crevices of rock and rubble, under rocks, or within algal mats covering the surfaces of rocks. In addition, sand-burrowing species commonly occur in the sand around coral heads and on the sand flats of lagoons. Only one species of sipunculan is known to be associated with a living coral. This is Aspidosiphon jukesi Baird 1873 which lives commensally in the base of two genera of solitary corals, Heteropsammia and Heterocyathus. This review will consider first the mutualistic association of the sipunculan and solitary coral and then the association, more broadly defined, of the rock-boring and sand-burrowing sipunculans as members of the coral reef community.
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Micronesica 12 (1): 119-132, 1976.
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Rice 1976
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sipunculans_associated_with_coral_communities_by_rice_m.e._-micronesica_vol.12_no.1._jun._1976_o.pdf (5.59 MB)
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13. Ikin, R 2002. International Conventions, National Policy and Legislative Responsibility for Alien Invasive Species in the Pacific Islands. Micronesica. Suppl. 6: 123-128. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 2002.
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International Conventions, National Policy and Legislative Responsibility for Alien Invasive Species in the Pacific Islands

Ikin, R

National Quarantine Services have legal control of the introduction of animals, plants, pests and diseases in the Pacific. The Secretariat of the Pacific Community’s Plant Protection and Animal Health Services coordinate governments in the implementation of global obligations of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the Organisation International Epizooties (OIE), principally to protect subsistence agricultural production. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has resulted in the establishment of government agencies for the monitoring and surveillance of the environment, as distinct from agriculture. There is potential for conflicts and duplication when agencies operate under linked but different Conventions. Many Pacific Island countries (PICs) can ill afford duplication of services to regulate transborder movements that pose a risk to agriculture, environment and human health. Environment agencies have primary interest in the local environment and compliance monitoring, whereas quarantine authorities interests are in international trade, cooperation and emergency response. Rationalization of common and duplicated provisions under IPPC and CBD is a subject of current discussions between the Convention secretariats.
Micronesica Suppl. 6: 123-128, 2002.
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Ikin 2002
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13. Lucking, L.J. & R.J. Parmentier 1990. Terraces and Traditions of Uluang: Ethnographic and Archaeological Perspectives on a Prehistoric Belauan Site. Micronesica. Suppl. 2: 125-136. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1990.
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Terraces and Traditions of Uluang: Ethnographic and Archaeological Perspectives on a Prehistoric Belauan Site

Lucking, L.J. & R.J. Parmentier

This paper combines ethnographic and archaeological perspectives in a study of the earthen terraces of Uluang, an abandoned prehistoric village on Babeldaob Island, Belau. Oral traditions detail the founding and ultimate destruction of Uluang but do not mention the terraces. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Uluang terraces were built well prior to the founding of the village. Their original uses may have been defensive and agricultural.
Micronesica Suppl. 2: 125-136, 1990.
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Lucking & Parmientier 1990
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13. Nandwani, D. & J. Joseph 2003. Biological Control of Insect and Plant Pests in the Marshall Islands. Micronesica. Suppl. 7: 125-132. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 2003.
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Biological Control of Insect and Plant Pests in the Marshall Islands

Nandwani, D. & J. Joseph

Pests and diseases, nearly all of which are exotic to the Marshall Islands, cause significant losses to agriculture. The most serious of these include insect pests such as the breadfruit mealybug, coconut scale and spiraling whitefly, which cause severe damage to many food crops and seriously affect crop productivity and overall food security. The number of insect pests and diseases has increased since 1975 as shown by insect survey done in islands of Ailinglaplap, Mejit, Lae, Jaluit, Likiep, Namu, Arno, Woja and Ailuk. Twenty-one new pest species were introduced to Jaluit and Majuro in 1975 of which twelve species were new to the country. Biological control methods have been conducted as an promote environment-friendly pest control method. A number of natural enemies and parasites, including Chilocorus nigritus and Pseudoscymnus anomalus for coconut scale, Rodolia limbata and R. pumila for breadfruit mealybug and Encarsia sp. for spiraling whitefly have successfully been introduced to some island groups. Rodolia limbata has contributed to a significant decline in breadfruit mealybug in the Majuro atoll, Arno atoll, Mejit Island and Ailinglaplap atoll. Pest density for spiraling whitefly and coconut scales are declining, but are, still present the atolls.
Micronesica Suppl. 7: 125-132, 2003.
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13. Endress, B.A 2002. The Importance of Endemic Species to Forest Succession in Palau. Micronesica. 34(2): 141-153. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 November 2001.
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The Importance of Endemic Species to Forest Succession in Palau

Endress, B.A

Floristics of a chronosequence corresponding to forest succession were documented in the Ngermeduu Bay Drainage Area (NBDA), Babeldaob, Palau.  Following the abandonment of Japanese agricultural communities in 1944, forest area in NBDA increased over 10%. However, species composition of these regenerated forests were previously unknown, and it remained unclear if or how past land use has influenced forest structure and composition. Therefore, I surveyed forests of different ages in NBDA to understand 1) how forest structure and composition changed in relation to forest age, and 2) the importance of endemic species to secondary succession following agricultural abandonment. Three stands in each of four vegetation categories were sampled (secondary vegetation, early succession forest, mid succession forest, mature forest), and species richness, diversity, composition and structure were determined. Results indicated that species richness and diversity were highest in early succession forests, while mature forest were dominated by a few characteristic species such as Pinanga insignis and Manilkara udoido. One introduced species, Falcataria moluccana (=Albizia falcataria), was present in both early and mid succession forest. While very few individuals were encountered, the large size of F. moluccana made this species an important component of successional forests. Despite past human impacts and introduced species, native species dominated forest structure and composition regardless of forest age. Moreover, endemic species in particular played a vital role in forest structure and composition, attesting to the uniqueness of these forests.
Micronesica 34(2): 141-153, 2002.
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Endress 2002
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13. Perez, G.S.A 1972. Observations of Guam Bats. Micronesica. 8 (1 & 2): 141-150. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1972.
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Observations of Guam Bats

Perez, G.S.A

Heavy poaching and changes in the landscape appear to be the two most significant factors responsible for the general overall decline in the number and distribution of Guam fruit bats. Miscellaneous ecological and life history data are also presented.
Micronesica 8 (1 & 2): 141-150, 1972.
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observations_on_guam_bats_perez_g.s.a._-micronesica_vol._8_no._1-2_dec._1972_o.pdf (611.01 KB)
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13. Falanruw, M.V.C., M. McCoy, & Namlug 1975. Occurrence of the Ridley Sea Turtle in the Western Caroline Islands. Micronesica. 11 (1): 151-152. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1975.
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Occurrence of the Ridley Sea Turtle in the Western Caroline Islands

Falanruw, M.V.C., M. McCoy, & Namlug

There appear to be no published records of the sea turtle genus Lepidochelys in Micronesian waters. The following information is offered toward a better understanding of this genus and its life history.
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Micronesica 11 (1): 151-152, 1975.
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Falanruw, McCoy, & Numlug 1975
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occurence_of_the_ridley_sea_turtle_in_the_western_caroline_islands_by_falanruw_m.v.c._m._mccoy_namlug_-micronesica_vol.11_no.1_jul._1975_o.pdf (101.08 KB)
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13. Wiles, G.J., G.H. Rodda, T.H. Fritts, & E.M. Taisacan 1990. Abundance and Habitat Use of Reptiles on Rota, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 23 (2): 153-166. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1990.
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​Abundance and Habitat Use of Reptiles on Rota, Mariana Islands

Wiles, G.J., G.H. Rodda, T.H. Fritts, & E.M. Taisacan

Fourteen species of reptiles are known from Rota, Mariana Islands and include two species of sea turtles, one anole, five geckos, four skinks, one monitor lizard, and one blind snake. At least four of these species are suspected introductions. Anolis carolinensis has been recently introduced and was found only around the island's two villages. Data are presented on the types of foraging substrates used by geckos and skinks. Four species of geckos, Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, Lepidodactylus lugubris, and Nactus pelagicus, were most common in forests, while a fifth species, Hemidactylus frenatus, occurred most frequently in urban areas. The skinks Emoia atrocostata and Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus were uncommon and found only in coastal strand. Emoia caeruleocauda occurred in all habitats, but was particularly common in forests. Ramphotyphlops braminus is reported for the first time from Rota.
Micronesica 23 (2): 153-166, 1990.
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Wiles, Rodda, Fritts, & Taisacan 1990
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5-_abundance20and20habitat20use20of20reptiles20on20rota2c20mariana20islands20micronesica20vol.202320no.20220dec.2c201990.pdf (7 MB)
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13. Ferraris, Jr. C.J. & E.O. Murdy 1981. Aspects of Sexual Dimorphism and Feeding in Petroscirtes variabilis Cantor (Osteichthys: Blenniidae). Micronesica. 17 (1 & 2): 157-160. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1981.
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Aspects of Sexual Dimorphism and Feeding in Petroscirtes variabilis Cantor (Osteichthys: Blenniidae)

Ferraris, Jr. C.J. & E.O. Murdy

Length, coloration, and gut contents of 15 specimens of Petroscirtes variabilis from the Philippines were determined. Males were found to be orange-brown and larger than the green females. A variety of sessile benthic organisms, small crustacean appendages, and fish scales were contained in the guts. P. variabilis probably browses its food off the Thalassia substrate with which it is generally associated, and appears to have extended its browsing habits to include the scales of fishes. The large canine teeth of this species seem not to function in feeding.
Micronesica 17 (1 & 2): 157-160, 1981.
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Ferraris & Murdy 1981
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aspects_of_feeding_and_sexual_dimorphism_in_petroscirtes_variabilis_cantor_osteichthys_blenniidaeo.pdf (1.02 MB)
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13. Marler, T.E. & J.H. Lawrence 2004. Chemical Limitations of Yoga Root Growth in an Acid Soil. Micronesica. 37(1): 157-161. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 2004.
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Chemical Limitations of Yoga Root Growth in an Acid Soil

Marler, T.E. & J.H. Lawrence

Subsoil from an acid soil series was amended with CaSO4, MgO, or Ca(OH)2 to identify chemical factors that may be limiting of root growth of Elaeocarpus joga (yoga) in these soils. New root length of yoga seedlings in the three amendment treatments was increased about 70% above that in the untreated substrate. New root length did not differ among the three amendment treatments. These amendments increased dry weight of new roots about 85% above dry weight of new roots in the untreated substrate. The results indicate that both Ca deficiency and Al toxicity limit yoga root growth in the acid soils of Guam. These chemical limitations may be the reasons this species occurs exclusively in alkaline soils in Guam and Rota.
Micronesica 37(1): 157-161, 2004.
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13. Lambert, B 1964.

Maude, H.E. The Evolution of the Gilbertese Boti: An Ethnohistorical Interpretation. Polynesian Society Memoir, No. 35. Wellington, 1963 (68 pp.) 6s

. Micronesica. 1 (1 & 2): 161-162. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1964.
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Maude, H.E. The Evolution of the Gilbertese Boti: An Ethnohistorical Interpretation. Polynesian Society Memoir, No. 35. Wellington, 1963 (68 pp.) 6s.

Lambert, B

This essay represents the most recent, and probably the most important, of Maude's contributions to the ethnography of the Gilbert Islands. The author has summarized and interpreted a great deal of previously unpublished data , most of it collected by himself and by the well-known Sir Arthur Grimble, one of his predecessors as Resident Commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. Maude's work makes available a body of material that can no longer be collected in the field, since many of the practices he describes were abandoned long ago, and since even the old men who informed him and Grimble about pre-Christian customs are now gone. Our knowledge of the structure of many Polynesian societies remains ambiguous because similar accounts do not exist for them.
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Micronesica 1 (1 & 2): 161-162, 1964.
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Lambert 1964
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13. Lobban, C.S 1994. Book Review: Climate & Agriculture in the Pacific Islands, South-East Asia's Environmental Future, and Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands. Micronesica. 27(1/2): 162-163. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1994.
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Book Review: Climate & Agriculture in the Pacific Islands, South-East Asia's Environmental Future, and Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands

Lobban, C.S

The  small  book  edited  by Aalbersberg  et al.,  is a report  ofa   1991 conference  in  Fiji.  Asesela Ravuvu  begins  by  setting  the  historical  perspective of  climate  change  and  sea  level  changes  in  the Pacific islands, noting  that  after  the  last  Ice  Age there  was a Climate  Optimum-about 5000 years ago-when average temperatures were  higher than  today  and  sea levels some  1-2 meters  higher than  today.  When  the  temperatures  cooled  somewhat  and   the  sea  levels  became  what  they  are today, many Pacific Islands had coastal platforms, where migrating peoples settled and began farming.

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Micronesica 27(1/2): 162-163, 1994.
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13. Dawson, C.E 1982. Review of the lndo-Pacific Pipefish Genus Trachyrhamphus (Syngnathidae). Micronesica. 18 (2): 163-192. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1982.
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Review of the lndo-Pacific Pipefish Genus Trachyrhamphus (Syngnathidae)

Dawson, C.E

The tail-pouch (urophorine) pipefish genus Trachyrhamphus Kaup 1853 is diagnosed and treated as a senior synonym of Yozia Jordan and Snyder 1901. Synonymies, diagnoses, illustrations, key, and data on intraspecific variation and distribution are provided for three recognized species. Subadults-adults of the type-species, T. serratus (Temminck and Schlegel), and T. longirostris Kaup have denticulations on the median dorsal snout ridge and 41-53 tail rings, but differ in average snout length in HL ratios (2.5 versus 2.0 in T. longirostris). The remaining species, T . bicoarctatus (Bleeker), lacks denticulations on the snout, has a low average snout length in HL ratio (1.7) and has 55-63 tail rings. Trachyrhamphus serratus is known from SW India to Japan; T. longirostris is known from the Red Sea to Japan (including Australia); T. bicoarctatus occurs from the Persian (Arabian) Gulf and Red Sea, along the east coast of Africa, and eastward to Australia, New Caledonia, Japan and the Mariana Is. Yozia tigris (Castelnau) is referred to the monotypic Australian genus Filicampus Whitley, and Yozia punctata Kamohara is provisionally referred to the genus Halicampus Kaup.
Micronesica 18 (2): 163-192, 1982.
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13. Birkeland, C 1991. Book review: Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve Baseline Studies: Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Virgin Islands National Park and Biosphere Resereve. Micronesica. 24 (1): 165-165. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.
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Book review: Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve Baseline Studies: Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Virgin Islands National Park and Biosphere Resereve

Birkeland, C

This series of 29 technical reports, totalling over 2,300 pages, is the product of 5 years of work by over 50 researchers from a dozen institutions. The information presented in these reports largely pertains to the ecosystem, including terrestrial and marine components, of a specific island, St. John in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Emphasis in these studies was given to long-term monitoring sites. Despite the details of the habitats and the particular species in the individual reports being relevant to the Lesser Antilles, the combined product can be considered on a global basis as a landmark example of a biosphere program. One hundred fourteen nations are now participating in the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program. But a case study of a biosphere program in operation has been needed so that resource managers can evaluate the role of biosphere reserves in developing sustainable economies. This series of technical reports may begin to fulfill this need, especially for systems of small islands like Micronesia.
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Micronesica 24 (1): 165-165, 1991.
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13. Wass, R.C 1973. Acanthaster Population Levels and Control Efforts on Ponape, Eastern Caroline Islands. Micronesica. 9 (2): 167-170. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1973.
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Acanthaster Population Levels and Control Efforts on Ponape, Eastern Caroline Islands

Wass, R.C

In 1969, a survey of 16 islands in the U.S. Trust Territory revealed large populations of the coral-eating starfish, Acanthaster planci, in certain locations around Ponape. A control team was formed a year later in an attempt to reduce the numbers of these starfish. Surveys conducted in 1971 and 1972, however, continued to indicate the presence of large numbers of Acanthaster though almost 70,000 were reported killed by the control team. In 1973, when 99,368 starfish were reported killed, the survey did show a reduced population level. During the 14-month period preceding this survey, the average number of starfish killed per diver-hour in the water also decreased significantly. The population decline did not occur everywhere around Ponape. Rather, reductions were limited to those areas where Acanthaster had previously been most abundant and where the greatest control efforts had been exerted.
Micronesica 9 (2): 167-170, 1973.
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13. Schreiner, I.H 1997. Demography and Recruitment of Selected Trees in the Limestone Forest of Guam in Relation to Introduced Ungulates. Micronesica. 30(1): 169-181. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1997.
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Demography and Recruitment of Selected Trees in the Limestone Forest of Guam in Relation to Introduced Ungulates

Schreiner, I.H

The island of Guam had no ungulates until after European contact, when several species such as deer and pigs were introduced. Both deer and feral pigs have become numerous within the forests of Guam, and may be damaging the forest through over-browsing and rooting. This study was initiated to determine whether introduced ungulates might be affecting recruitment of several species of native trees.
The study showed that, within the Northern Guam area, high populations of deer were largely confined to the Air Force Base, but feral pigs were abundant at almost all study sites.
Four tree species were studied. Tristiropsis obtusangula Radlk. (faia) did not appear to be affected by ungulates. Young trees and seedlings were common at all sites and little evidence of deer browsing was seen on seedlings monitored for several years. Very few young trees of Eleaocarpus joga Merr. (yoga) were found at any of the sites sampled. Only four seedlings were found, of which two were browsed and one disappeared within two years. For Macaranga thompsonii Merr. (pengua), young trees tended to be sparse where deer were abundant. Seedlings suffered high mortality from browsing in a location where deer were abundant, but little evidence of browsing was seen on seedlings in an area with low deer density. In a location with high deer density, uncaged Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Ktze. (ifit) seedlings suffered high mortality. However, small trees were common in at least one site where deer are currently numerous. Little sign of browsing was seen when seedlings were grown in a location where deer sign were not observed.
Micronesica 30(1): 169-181, 1997.
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13. Muniappan, R. & J.A. Crisostomo 1983. Gastrochilus dasypogon, a new orchid record on Guam. Micronesica. 19(1-2): 171-172. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1983.
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Gastrochilus dasypogon , a new orchid record on Guam

Muniappan, R. & J.A. Crisostomo

N/A- Notes
Micronesica 19(1-2): 171-172, 1983.
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13. Fosberg, F.R 1992. Pacific Island Plants-Taxonomic and Distributional Notes. Micronesica. 25(2): 175-199. Date Revised/Accepted: 20 April 1992.
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Pacific Island Plants-Taxonomic and Distributional Notes

Fosberg, F.R

Taxonomic notes on Pacific Island plants in the genera Polypodium, Lemmaphyllum, Nephrolepis, Spathoglottis, Vanilla, Peperomia, Lepidium, Erythrina, Tephrosia, Euphorbia, Phyllanthus, Passiflora, Luffa, Pouteria, Chionanthus, and Ochrosia, with new varieties or varietal combinations in Polypodium, Tephrosia, Euphorbia, Passiflora, and Pouteria, new specific combinations in Pouteria and Chionanthus and an amplified description of the hitherto obscure Ochrosia tahitensis Lanesson ex Pichon. More than usual  detail is included to explain taxonomic changes and my use of unfamiliar names. This  is for the benefit of users who do not have ready access to large botanical libraries, who may want to know the reasons for such changes, and who may need help in recognizing newly introduced  exotics. 
Micronesica 25(2): 175-199, 1992.
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13. Garth, J.S 1971. Demania toxica, a New Species of Poisonous Crab from the Philippines. Micronesica. 7(1/2): 179-183. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1971.
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Demania toxica, a New Species of Poisonous Crab from the Philippines

Garth, J.S

No abstract available.
Micronesica 7(1/2): 179-183, 1971.
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Garth 1971
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13. McCoid, M.J 1996. Putative Interactions of Geckos in the Southern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 28(2): 193-202. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 September 1995.
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Putative Interactions of Geckos in the Southern Mariana Islands

McCoid, M.J

Recent data  suggest  that  the  introduced  and  native  geckos, Hemidactylus  frenatus and Lepidodactylus  lugubris, respectively, have expanded  ranges on  Guam  to  include the  entire  island.  Although  additional  information  suggests that  other  introduced  vertebrates  have  impacted  geckos  on  Guam,  the  extirpation  of  the  two  largest species of geckos on Guam  by an introduced  snake greatly contributed  to the local range expansion  of at  least one of the above  species. This range expansion by H. frenatus may  be further  circumscribing local ranges of a  na-tive gecko (Gehyra mutilata). 
Micronesica 28(2): 193-202, 1996.
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13. Anker, A. & D. Cox 2011. A new species of the shrimp genus Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Guam. Micronesica. 41(2): 197-214. Date Revised/Accepted: 26 March 2010.
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A new species of the shrimp genus Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Guam

Anker, A. & D. Cox

A new species of hippolytid shrimp, Lysmata guamensis n. sp., is described based on a single specimen collected in the shallow waters of Guam, the largest island of the Mariana Archipelago in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. The new species differs from all the other species of Lysmata by the presence of only two teeth on the mid-dorsal line of the carapace, one of which is posterior to the orbital margin. It also has unusually slender, elongate walking legs. An annotated table of all presently known species of Lysmata is provided.
Micronesica 41(2): 197-214, 2011.
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Anker & Cox 2011
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13. McCoid, M.J 1989. Book Review: Gray's Monitor Lizard. Micronesica. 22(2): 198-199. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1989.
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Book Review: Gray's Monitor Lizard

McCoid, M.J

It is a rare event when a reviewer is both inspired and humbled. Such is my case in this review. After a cumulative 22 month study in the Philippines over an eight year span, Walter  Auffenberg  has  produced  a milestone  autecological analysis of one of the world's least  known vertebrates, Varanus olivaceus. Similar to the depth and intensity that was displayed in his previous opus (Auffenberg, 1981), this latest tome reaches  heights  that  all  biologists  should  strive  to  attain.  Virtually all aspects of the natural history of this fascinating  lizard  are  addressed  and  thoroughly  explored.  Movements,  feeding ecology, intra- and inter-specific behavior, growth,  reproduction, and morphology are broad categories that are exhaustively covered. To accomplish  this,  Auffenberg accumulated a monumental body of data.  For example,  over  100,000 contacts with telemetered individuals yielded information on movements, ranges,  daily activities,  and body temperatures.  Had Auffenberg opted  to do  an autecological  study  in the strict  sense,  the  information garnered would still have been enormous  and exceedingly valuable.  However, he chose to greatly extend the scope of the study. Since these are partially frugivorous lizards, information  was gathered  on  densities  and diversities of  fruiting plants that occurred  in the  region resulting in a considerable body of botanical data from a previously  little  known  region.  An  ontogenetic  shift  from carnivory   as  juveniles   to   frugivory   as   adults   led Auffenberg  to  collect  population  information  on  terrestrial  insects,  decapods,  and  molluscs.  These  baseline  data  were  also  lacking  for  the  region.   Additionally,  extensive  meteorologic  and  topographic  information  was  compiled  since,  again,  few  data  were available. 
 
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Micronesica 22(2): 198-199, 1989.
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