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2. Sasakawa, M 2017. Insects of Micronesia, Volume 14, no. 10 Diptera: Lauxaniidae (Part 2). Micronesica. 2017-02: 1-5. Date Revised/Accepted: 14 March 2017.

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Insects of Micronesia, Volume 14, no. 10 Diptera: Lauxaniidae (Part 2)

Sasakawa, M

The Micronesian fauna of Lauxaniidae, continuing from the first paper in 2009, is supplemented by three species: two new species, Kerteszomyia guamensis, n. sp. and Meiosimyza carolinensis, n. sp. are described, and one Oriental species, Trypetisoma octopunctatum Malloch, is reported for the first time.

Micronesica 2017-02: 1-5, 2017.

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Sasakawa 2017	pdf sasakawa2017finalproofa.pdf (1.21 MB)	1.21 MB

2. McDermid, K.J., R. Jha, M.R. Rice & G.H. Balazs 2018. Of turtles and trees: Nutritional analysis of tree heliotrope (Heliotropium foertherianum) leaves consumed by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaiʻi. Micronesica. 2018-02: 1-11. Date Revised/Accepted: 18 February 2018.

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Of turtles and trees: Nutritional analysis of tree heliotrope (Heliotropium foertherianum) leaves consumed by green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaiʻi

McDermid, K.J., R. Jha, M.R. Rice & G.H. Balazs

Fallen, senescent leaves of tree heliotrope (Heliotropium foertherianum), a ubiquitous shoreline tree from the Indian Ocean, tropical Asia, Australia, and the western and central Pacific, are a novel food item for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaiʻi. Leaves were collected in two seasons and analyzed for proximate nutrients, including dry matter, ash, crude fat, crude protein, carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio, gross energy, as well as dietary fibers (ADF and NDF), lignin, and total phenol content. The senescent leaves showed a high C:N ratio, and measurable phenolic compounds, but were low in protein (x = 5.5%) and fat (x = 2.2%) based on dry weight. Gross energy averaged >4500 Kcal/kg ash-free dry weight; therefore, H. foertherianum could provide more calories than other marine food sources for Hawaiian green turtles. Green turtles elsewhere within the broad geographic range of tree heliotrope’s distribution may also consume senescent leaves that fall into coastal waters.

Micronesica 2018-02: 1-11, 2018.

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McDermidEtAl2018	pdf mcdermidetal2018.pdf (4.35 MB)	4.35 MB

2. Lobban, C.S 2015. Benthic marine diatom flora of Guam: new records, redescription of Psammodictyon pustulatum n. comb., n. stat., and three new species (Colliculoamphora gabgabensis, Lauderia excentrica, and Rhoiconeis pagoensis). Micronesica. 2015-02: 1-49. Date Revised/Accepted: 12 January 2015.

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Benthic marine diatom flora of Guam: new records, redescription of Psammodictyon pustulatum n. comb., n. stat., and three new species (Colliculoamphora gabgabensis, Lauderia excentrica, and Rhoiconeis pagoensis)

Lobban, C.S

Twenty-eight new records and three new species are documented for the Guam flora, extending the records and checklist published in Micronesica 43: 237–479. Of note among the new records are Pinnunavis yarrensis (Grunow) H. Okuno and Nitzschia janischii Grunow both observed alive, plus Protokeelia cholnokyi (Giffen) Round & Basson and Pogoneis bahrainii Round & Basson seen only in acid-cleaned preparations. Psammodictyon pustulatum (Voigt ex Meister) n. comb., n. stat. (Bacillariales: Bacillariaceae) differs from related species in having a pair of rounded elevations on the distal side of the sternum. Three new species are described; only one was observed alive. Colliculoamphora gabgabensis (Eunotiales: Eunotiaceae) is smaller and more finely striated than its congeners. Lauderia excentrica (Thalassiosirales: Lauderiaceae) differs from the only other species of the genus in having a large, excentric, reniform annulus. Rhoiconeis pagoensis (Naviculales: Naviculaceae) differs from the other two known species in its stria density.

Micronesica 2015-02: 1-49, 2015.

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Lobban 2015 High Resolution	pdf lobbandiatomformattedv2.pdf (28.68 MB)	28.68 MB
Lobban 2015 Low Resolution	pdf lobbandiatomformattedv2sm.pdf (1.53 MB)	1.53 MB

2. Carucci, L.M 1987. JEKERO: Symbolizing the Transition To Manhood in the Marshall Islands. Micronesica. 20 (1 & 2): 1-18. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1987.

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JEKERO: Symbolizing the Transition To Manhood in the Marshall Islands

Carucci, L.M

This anthropological analysis of coconut toddy shows how the production and consumption of palm wine symbolizes the transition to manhood on Ujelang Atoll. Islanders draw parallels between toddy production and processes of maturing which, along with training in processes of toddy manufacture and the unifying actions of a drinking circle, provide one avenue boys follow in their quest to be accepted as men. An historical consideration of toddy consumption links palm wine sharing to newer drinking styles and furnishes a context for understanding recent innovations in the use of alcoholic beverages.

Micronesica 20 (1 & 2): 1-18, 1987.

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Carucci 1987	pdf jekero_symbolizing_caruccio.pdf (3.25 MB)	3.25 MB

2. Kerr, A.M. & G.C. Fiedler 2019. Land Snails of Alupat Island, a Fringing Islet of Guam, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 2019-2: 1-6. Date Revised/Accepted: 31 December 2019.

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Land Snails of Alupat Island, a Fringing Islet of Guam, Mariana Islands

Kerr, A.M. & G.C. Fiedler

Abstract— We surveyed the terrestrial gastropods of Alupat Island, a small uninhabited islet located in Hagåtña Bay, Guam. In three days of examining vegetation, leaf litter, and soil, we found 13 species of molluscs representing ten genera and eight families, all previously known from the main islands of the Marianas. We did not find any members of the family Partulidae, of conservation concern across the tropical Pacific. However, neither did we encounter the invasive flatworm Platydemus manokwari De Beauchamp, which is currently eliminating native snails in the Marianas and elsewhere. Hence, we suggest that Alupat Island might serve as a sanctuary for transplanting populations of Guam's most endangered snails should a thorough survey confirm the absence of flatworms.

Sumåria— Manmanespiha ham akaleha' siha gi iya Alupat nu i díkike' yan disetto na isla gi i Bakånan Hagåtña gi iya Guåhan. Despues di tres na ha'åni, manmanespiha ham gi i halomtåno' yan kånton tåsi ya en sedda' tresse na klåsen akaleha'. Ti en sedda' i akaleha' nu i mafa'nána'an Partulidae. Put úttemo, ti manmanodda' ham ulo' Platydemas nu i ginen Sanlagu ni' manóchocho akaleha' siha gi iya Guåhan yan todu bånda gi i Pasifiku. Puedi ha' i humuyong-ña u fama'deskansåyan akaleha' siha i iya Alupat yanggen magåhet na tåya' ulo' siha gi i isla.

Micronesica 2019-2: 1-6, 2019.

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KerrFiedler2019	pdf kerrfiedler2019.pdf (819.53 KB)	819.53 KB

2. Kerr, A.M. 2024. Complete citation of E.H. Bryan, Jr.'s The Plants of Guam. Micronesica. 2024-02: 1-12. Date Revised/Accepted: 16 September 2024.

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Complete citation of E.H. Bryan, Jr.'s The Plants of Guam

Kerr, A.M.

Edwin H. Bryan, Jr.'s monograph The Plants of Guam (1936–1941; 1956–1960) was an important addition to the botany of Guam and the Mariana Islands. It was also unique in Micronesian botany in that it was serialized twice in the popular press, appearing as a total of 191 brief articles in two now discontinued periodicals lacking wide circulation. This has made bibliographic referencing of the work challenging; no catalog of the series' contents or article titles exists. This note recounts the publication and citation history of The Plants of Guam and provides a complete bibliography of articles.

Micronesica 2024-02: 1-12, 2024.

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Kerr 2024	pdf Kerr2024.pdf (827.09 KB)	827.09 KB

2. Lessa, W.A 1964. The Social Effects of Typhoon Ophelia (1960) on Ulithi. Micronesica. 1 (1 & 2): 1-47. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1964.

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The Social Effects of Typhoon Ophelia (1960) on Ulithi

Lessa, W.A

On November 30, 1960, Typhoon Ophelia struck Ulithi, an atoll in the southwest Pacific, leaving the island groups a mass of devastation. It was the worst tropical cyclone to strike the atoll since 1907, when a similar catastrophe laid waste the land, but Ophelia differed from this earlier typhoon in being perhaps less intense in surface wind speed and much more violent in the wave action it churned up, resulting in severe damage to nearly all beaches and inundation of the interior of Falapop Island. Moreover, over half a century of change had rendered the human circumstances different.
(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract)

Micronesica 1 (1 & 2): 1-47, 1964.

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Lessa 1964	pdf lessa_the_social_effects_of_typhoon_ophelia_1960_on_ulithi_1964_june_micronesica_vol._1o.pdf (12.54 MB)	12.54 MB

2. Roark, E., J. Guilbert, E. Kohler, J. Atalig, L.R. Sablan, C. Mendiola, B.A. Eichelberger & S. Mullin. 2022. A rapid assessment of cave occupancy for Pacific sheath-tailed bats (fanihin ganas, Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana swiftlets (chachaguak, Aerodramus bartschi) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 2022-02: 1-10. Date Revised/Accepted: 09 December 2022.

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A rapid assessment of cave occupancy for Pacific sheath-tailed bats (fanihin ganas, Emballonura semicaudata rotensis) and Mariana swiftlets (chachaguak, Aerodramus bartschi) on Aguiguan, Mariana Islands

Roark, E., J. Guilbert, E. Kohler, J. Atalig, L.R. Sablan, C. Mendiola, B.A. Eichelberger & S. Mullin.

Aguiguan is an uninhabited island in the Mariana archipelago that contains populations of four federally threatened or endangered species or subspecies endemic to the Mariana Islands. Although wildlife populations have been comprehensively surveyed in the past, the island does not receive consistent monitoring effort. We report here incidental observations from two expeditions to Aguiguan in 2021, including mammal, reptile, bird and invertebrate sightings, with a particular focus on cave occupancy by Mariana swiftlets (chachaguak, Aerodramus bartschi) and Pacific sheath-tailed bats (fanihin ganas, Emballonura semicaudata rotensis). In 2021, seven caves were surveyed; five were occupied by Mariana swiftlets and four by Pacific sheath-tailed bats. We counted a total of 322 Pacific sheath-tailed bats at East Black Noddy Cave, with small numbers of bats (n = 2-50) present at three other caves. A total of 111 Mariana swiftlets were counted at Guano Cave, and 29 at Pillar Cave. In addition to sheath-tailed bats and swiftlets, we documented observations of eight other forest bird species, two other mammal species, one lizard species, and three invertebrate species, including a suspected first record of paper wasp (Ropalidia marginata sundaica) on Aguiguan. Our observations can be used to inform future survey effort on this island, and provide evidence of persisting populations of common, threatened, and endangered species in this understudied region. Opportunistic observations of other taxa are included here as historical records of occurrence for an island that has, over time, received only sporadic biological survey effort.

Aguiguan, unu gi ti matåotåoguan na isla giya Marianas, låo guaha kuåttru na klåsin påpulasion gå'ga gi papa' i pruteksion fidiråt na manlåla'la' solamenti guini giya Marianas. Guaha guinadduk kinimprendi manmakondukta put i påpulasion gå'ga' manmachålik gi alatcha na tiempu låo tumaigui i kontinuasion na istudiu gi tanu'. Estagui' i ripót i håfa manmaripåra gi dos na ekspidision (hinanåo) para Aguiguan gi halum 2021 na såkkan. Mañåsåonåo guini na lini'i' siha, chå'ka, fanihi, guali'ik, paluma (påharu), ayuyu, sasata, yan iskopio. Låo i pattikulåt na atinsion gumaigi gi liyang ni maninokukupa nu i chachaguak yan i fanihin Gånas. Gi halum 2021 na såkkan, sietti na liyang manma'eksamina ya masodda' singku maninokukupa nu i chachaguak yan kuåttru maninokukupa nu i fanihin Gånas. In tifung gi put todu 322 na fanihin Gånas gi halum i sanhaya na liyang fåhang åttilung yan unus kuåntus grånu ni manprisenti gi halum ottru tres na liyang. Gi tutåt put todu, 111 na chachaguak manmatufung gi halum Liyang Guåno yan 29 gi halum Liyan Pillar. Engkuenta i Fanihin Gånas yan Chachaguak, in dukumentu otchu difirentis paluman halum tånu', dos klåsin gå'ga' tånu', unu na guali'ik, dikiki' na iskopion håyu, ayuyu, yan lokkui' sasatan påppit, ni masuspetcha na estagui' primet biåhi nai madukumentu giya Aguiguan. I rinipåran-måmi siña ma'usa para u infotma i futtura na istudiu yan u guaha ebidensia para i gumaigin påpulasion todu gå'ga' ni manmaprutetehi guini na lugåt. Todu rinipåran kuatkuet gå'ga' på'gu na tiempu dumanña' guini na tinigi' yan dukumentu ginin mås tatti na tiempu put esti i håssan yan atchagu' ma'istudia na tånu'.

Micronesica 2022-02: 1-10, 2022.

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RoarkEtAl2022	pdf roarketal2022.pdf (574.08 KB)	574.08 KB

2. Beer, K.C.J., E.M. Rehm & J.A. Savidge 2016. First record of the Ashy Minivet (Pericrocotus divaricatus), a passerine bird, for Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 2016-02: 1-4. Date Revised/Accepted: 19 November 2016.

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First record of the Ashy Minivet (Pericrocotus divaricatus), a passerine bird, for Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

Beer, K.C.J., E.M. Rehm & J.A. Savidge

We observed a flock of four Ashy Minivets (Pericrocotus divaricatus) on northern Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), on multiple occasions from 6 November 2015 through 9 April 2016. We saw both male and female plumages among the flock members, and mist-netted one of each sex. This is the first record for the CNMI and only the second for Micronesia.

Micronesica 2016-02: 1-4, 2016.

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Beer et al 2016	pdf beeretalproofv2.pdf (2.35 MB)	2.35 MB

2. Tsuda, R.T. & S.K. Walsh 2013. Bibliographic checklist of the marine benthic algae of Central Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean (Excluding Hawai‘i and French Polynesia). Micronesica. 2013-02: 1-91. Date Revised/Accepted: 22 February 2013.

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Bibliographic checklist of the marine benthic algae of Central Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean (Excluding Hawai‘i and French Polynesia)

Tsuda, R.T. & S.K. Walsh

The Polynesian algal bibliographic checklist is based on records from past references for American Samoa and Samoa (380 spp.), Cook Islands (111 spp.), Johnston Atoll (190 spp.), Line Islands (250 spp.), Niue (3 spp.), Phoenix Islands (193 spp.), Pitcairn Islands (23 spp.), Tokelau (1 sp.), Tonga (109 spp.), Wake Atoll (121 spp.) and Wallis and Futuna (191 spp.) and consists of three sections. The first section (I. Classification) provides a listing of classes, orders, and families of the 238 genera of Polynesian algae. The second section (II. Species-Reference Index) provides an alphabetized listing of the 667 named algal species under the four Phyla, i.e., Cyanobacteria (68 species), Rhodophyta (373 species), Ochrophyta (59 species) and Chlorophyta (167 species) with the applicable reference citations for each island or atoll. Brief taxonomic or nomenclatural notes are provided, when appropriate, for selected species. The third section (III. Island-Reference Index) provides a chronological listing of all published references for the respective island or atoll in each island group. The complete references for all citations in the text are provided in the Reference section.

Micronesica 2013-02: 1-91, 2013.

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Tsuda & Walsh 2013	pdf 2013-02_tsuda-walsh_polynesian_seaweeds.pdf (783.41 KB)	783.41 KB

2. Dendy, J., O. Kuegler, A.D. Lehman & W.R. Marquez 2020. Forest Status Across Micronesia from an Assessment of Micronesia Challenge Terrestrial Measures and Forest Inventory and Analysis Data. Micronesica. 2020-2: 1-16. Date Revised/Accepted: 15 August 2020.

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Forest Status Across Micronesia from an Assessment of Micronesia Challenge Terrestrial Measures and Forest Inventory and Analysis Data

Dendy, J., O. Kuegler, A.D. Lehman & W.R. Marquez

The Micronesia Challenge (MC) is an agreement initiated in 2006 by the region’s political jurisdictions to conserve both marine and terrestrial natural resources. To assess the success of the terrestrial goals of the challenge, the Micronesia Conservation Trust (MCT) coordinated the compilation of a list of terrestrial measures and utilized them to summarize data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. The MCT and FIA programs added and measured additional forest plots within conservation and special management areas on Guam, within conservation, special management areas or previously unsampled islands in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and on previously unsampled islands in the Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI). Data from these forested plots show that the special management areas (MC areas) generally exhibited preferred forest conditions compared to unmanaged areas (Non-MC areas) across Micronesia. In Guam and FSM, MC areas had less forest area disturbed by people, less forest area with invasive plant species, higher ratios of endemic to invasive tree species, and taller trees than Non-MC areas. In RMI, MC areas had higher basal area and canopy cover than Non-MC areas. Among all jurisdictions, the Republic of Palau had the highest species diversity and endemism and the highest average canopy cover; the Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands and Guam) had the smallest trees, the lowest basal area, the highest stem density, the lowest average canopy cover, and the highest levels of disturbance and invasive species coverage; FSM had the highest diversity of forest communities, the largest trees, the lowest stem density, and the highest average basal area; RMI had the lowest levels of disturbance and invasive species coverage. Results from this analysis can be used to understand the role of management based on indicators of forested areas across the region.

Micronesica 2020-2: 1-16, 2020.

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DendyEtAl2020	pdf Dendyetal2020.pdf (771.03 KB)	771.03 KB

2. Fuller, J. and R.H. Goodwill 2021. Egg Morphology of Five Species of Sea Urchins from Saipan, CNMI. Micronesica. 2021-02: 1-8. Date Revised/Accepted: 02 July 2021.

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Egg Morphology of Five Species of Sea Urchins from Saipan, CNMI

Fuller, J. and R.H. Goodwill

Using scanning electron microscopy, egg morphology was determined for five sea urchin species collected from Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in June 2014: Echinometra mathaei, Parasalenia poehlii, Eucidaris metularia, Colobocentrotus mertensii, and Mespilia globulus. Gross morphological observations of these species’ eggs generally coincided with previous descriptions. However, due to preservation methods, size discrepancies were present. Eggs collected in 2014 after fixation measured at a smaller diameter than reported in previous studies except for M. globulus, which measured between the two previously reported mean diameters. In order to compare measurements with those in previously published studies, additional samples were collected in June 2017 for measurement of fresh unpreserved eggs. Samples of three of these original five species were successfully collected – and all showed shrinkage after fixation and SEM prep. Fresh egg diameter measurements collected in 2017 were comparable to those reported in previous studies, except M. globulus which at 149.02 μm was much larger than the previously reported mean diameters of 80 μm and 110.8 μm. Variation in egg microvilli density, size, and shape was observed between all species as viewed using scanning electron microscopy. The present study provides an analysis of the egg surface morphology utilizing scanning electron microscopy of five species of sea urchin collected in Micronesia, three species of which egg surface morphology was previously undescribed. Findings of this study also describe a previously unreported mean diameter of M. globulus which could support a latitudinal gradient in egg size of this species.

Micronesica 2021-02: 1-8, 2021.

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Fuller&Goodwill2021	pdf fullergoodwill2021.pdf (1.23 MB)	1.23 MB

2. Beardsley, J.W 1991. Introduction of Arthropod Pests into the Hawaiian Islands. Micronesica. Suppl. 3: 1-4. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1991.

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Introduction of Arthropod Pests into the Hawaiian Islands

Beardsley, J.W

Abstract-Nearly all pest arthropods now present in Hawaii are nonnative species that have been introduced to the island since their discovery by man ca. 1,000 years ago. A few introduced pests, such as houseflies, head and pubic lice, and cockroaches, were present at the time of European discovery (mid to late 18th century), presumably as a result of Polynesian exploration and trade. Accidental introductions of pest arthropods became more common during the 19th century as a result of commerce with the outside world, and this trend has accelerated during the 20th century, despite the application of quarantine regulations during the 1890s. The advent of regular trans-Pacific air travel during the 1940s and of jet aircraft during the 1960s have provided new opportunities for rapid dispersal of pest arthropods, to Hawaii and throughout the Pacific Basin. These are exemplified by recent epidemic outbreaks of such new pests as the spiraling whitefly, the leucaena psyllid and the melon thrips. Due to the constantly increasing volume of transPacific air traffic to Hawaii, and to the existence there of many underutilized ecological niches, it appears likely that new pests will continue to become established there at a relatively high rate, despite improvements in quarantine enforcement and pest detection techniques.

Micronesica Suppl. 3: 1-4, 1991.

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Beardsley 1991	pdf sup03-02ed.pdf (182.93 KB)	182.93 KB

2. Lobban, C.S. & A. Witkowski. 2023. Marine benthic diatoms of Guam: new records, Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., and updates to the checklist. Micronesica. 2023-2: 1-75. Date Revised/Accepted: 21 March 2024.

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Marine benthic diatoms of Guam: new records, Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., and updates to the checklist.

Lobban, C.S. & A. Witkowski.

This paper adds 25 new records to the Guam flora and corrects some earlier identifications, bringing the total number of identified taxa to 378, and provides a reference list of species added in taxonomic papers since the last records paper in 2015, nomenclatural updates on the species and higher taxa recorded in earlier reports, and a list of slides of Guam samples deposited in U.S. diatom herbaria. Of particular interest are: Campylodiscus robertsianus; Amphora subhyalina, which we show to have priority over A. insulana; Coscinodiscus hauckii, which we show to have no perforations in the central zone, nor rimoportulae; understudied species including Biremis ridicula, Mastogloia cf. pisciculus, Nitzschia cf. jelinecki, and genera including Vikingea and Dictyoneis. We describe Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., a lanceolate species distinguished from the panduriform species by the external pattern of pseudoloculi and valve shape.

Micronesica 2023-2: 1-75, 2023.

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File Name	File Type (view/download)	File Size
Supplementary Material	xlsx supplementary_file_micronesia_slides_at_szcz.xlsx (15.33 KB)	15.33 KB
Lobban & Witkowski 2023 (Low Res)	pdf lobbanwitkowski2023sm.pdf (12.38 MB)	12.38 MB
Lobban & Witkowski 2023 (High Res)	pdf lobbanwitkowski2023.pdf (76.07 MB)	76.07 MB

2. Lobban, C.S 2014. Editorial: Celebrating 50 years of publication. Micronesica. 2014-02: 1-2. Date Revised/Accepted: 03 June 2014.

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Editorial: Celebrating 50 years of publication

Lobban, C.S

Micronesica was founded by Ben Stone to fill a need for a regional peer-reviewed journal in the natural sciences. At the time it was limited to the sciences of anthropology, botany, and zoology, but has since expanded to include agriculture as well as the occasional geology or chemistry paper. The first issue was published in September 1964 and included a diversity of papers such as “Social effects of Typhoon Ophelia (1960) on Ulithi,” a monograph on a flowering plant family, “The Cyperaceae of Micronesia,” and a description of a new species of fish from Guam. These papers remain important today, and one of my pleasures in editing Micronesica for the past twenty-five years was in knowing that the journal makes a lasting contribution to science in the region. The list of new taxa alone ensures that these volumes will be cited far into the future.

The scope of the journal has shifted over the decades: at first there was a greater diversity of anthropological papers, but when ISLA A Journal of Pacific Studies was founded, Micronesica focused on the more biological anthropology papers such as physical anthropology, vernacular names of organisms, traditional fishing methods. Subsequently, ISLA died and Micronesica once again took on a broader scope, recently publishing a series of papers on Chamorro latte archaeology and architecture (vol. 42). Micronesica also has a long track record of publishing papers from conferences.

Although primarily a peer-reviewed scientific journal, Micronesica serves not only specialists in the respective fields but also a diverse audience including resource managers, teachers, agricultural extension agents, and naturalists. Some articles are very accessible to a wide audience and others are communications to other specialists or necessarily-detailed material that is important to have in the scientific record.

Another very satisfying feature of Micronesica is that it provides a place where visiting scientists can publish the results of their expeditions to Micronesia, and thus return the knowledge to the region from which it came, while at the same time having their work accessible globally through libraries and on-line searches. Articles have come from France, Israel, and Italy as well as from all around the Pacific nations. This goal was also helped by the fact that we did not limit page length or require page charges; these were significant factors in the days of print publication, and allowed us to include monographic works such as the Monnniots’ study of tunicates (vol. 29) and several parts of the Insects of Micronesia.

As the College of Guam (founded 1952) has grown into the University of Guam, and as its mission has become more regional in both the educational goals and the research of the scientists here, the need to publish regional studies has become even more evident than in 1964. We added agriculture in the early 1990's because university scientists doing applied studies with a regional focus needed a peer-reviewed journal to publish their work.
While the 20th Century was breathing its last days, Micronesica went online with a web presence including full-text pdfs. Last year we made the commitment to an online-only, continuous publishing model, thanks in part to changes made in the publication requirements for new taxa in zoology and botany, and the existence of distributed archives that could guarantee the longevity of electronic publications. Eliminating print editions has greatly reduced costs and adminstrative time, and funding has long been an issue for the journal; but it has also meant giving up the exchange program that took our print copies to libraries in far-flung parts of the world and brought us some valuable journal subscriptions in return. Continuous publishing has greatly shortened the time from receipt of a manuscript to publication, and this is an advantage to authors.

Looking back over 25 years of editorship – half the life of the journal! – I feel very satisfied with having sustained the work that Stone started and that Lu Eldredge, Chuck Birkeland, Roy Tsuda and Bob Richmond continued before me. Thankfully, my Deans steadfastly supported my effort with release time, even when financial and sometimes clerical support from the university for the journal were hard to get. At the same time I feel a sense of relief to be able to pass the torch to new hands at last. There were times when I got far behind in processing manuscripts, but even then no one was willing to take over. I am glad that G. Curt Fiedler stepped up, and confident that he will be able to infuse new energy into the quintagenarian. Micronesica has a long and illustrious track record, and still has a vital role to fill in the Pacific Islands.

It is sobering to reflect that when I took on Micronesica in 1989, desktop computers were barely taking over from typewriters as a mechanism for writing papers, and illustrations were pen- and-ink, Letraset lettered, or photos printed in dark rooms and laboriously arranged into plates with cutters and tape. Now everything is digital and we are all our own secretaries and graphic artists. The World Wide Web (aka – the internet) also arrived – communication became lightning-fast. Meanwhile the study of biodiversity, to which Micronesica has contributed substantially in the Western Pacific, has come back into vogue, climate change has been recognized as a major aspect of anthropogenic change to terrestrial and marine environments and biodiversity, and invasive species have become a major threat especially to terrestrial biota. Micronesica is still relevant and important to the region, as scientists continue to document the changes taking place here.

Dankulo na Si Yu'us Ma'åse. Salamat po. Thank you.

Chris Lobban Editor 1989–2014

Micronesica 2014-02: 1-2, 2014.

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2. VanderWerf, E.A., G.J. Wiles, A.P. Marshall & M. Knecht 2006. Observations of migrants and other birds in Palau, April-May 2005, including the first Micronesian record of a Richard’s Pipit. Micronesica. 39(1): 11-29. Date Revised/Accepted: 17 November 2005.

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Observations of migrants and other birds in Palau, April-May 2005, including the first Micronesian record of a Richard’s Pipit

VanderWerf, E.A., G.J. Wiles, A.P. Marshall & M. Knecht

This paper reports on the occurrence and abundance of 48 migrant and resident bird species observed in the Palau Islands of western Micronesia from 22 April to 17 May 2005. Species accounts are presented for 41 migrants, including 23 shorebirds, eight land birds, seven egrets and herons, and three terns and gulls, and seven resident birds, including four waterbirds, two passerines, and one seabird. Noteworthy sightings include the first record of a Richard’s Pipit (Anthus richardi) in Micronesia, the first confirmed record of a Gray Heron (Ardea cinerea) in Palau, and second published records of Great Egret (Casmerodius alba), Striated Heron (Butorides striata), Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Long-toed Stint (Calidris subminuta), Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida), and Gray Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea) in Palau. Although we did not observe large numbers of any migrant, four species (Greater Sand-Plover [Charadrius leschenaultii], Common Sandpiper [Actitis hypoleucos], Sharp-tailed Sandpiper [Calidris acuminata], and Eastern Yellow Wagtail [Motacilla tschutschensis]) were recorded in greater numbers than reported at other locations in Micronesia. Among resident species, we counted a total of 69 Common Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) at three sites, which represents by far the highest number ever recorded in the archipelago. No Pacific Black Ducks (Anas superciliosa) were sighted, confirming the rarity of this species in Palau. Two populations of introduced Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus) totaling 62 birds were found, indicating a rapid increase in abundance since this species was first discovered in Palau in 2000.

Micronesica 39(1): 11-29, 2006.

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2. Fosberg, F.R. & D. Herbst 1983. A Nesogenes (Chloanthaceae) from Micronesia. Micronesica. 19 (1-2): 11-15. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1983.

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A Nesogenes (Chloanthaceae) from Micronesia

Fosberg, F.R. & D. Herbst

Nesogenes rotensis (Chloanthaceae) is described as new, from the island of Rota, Marianas, extending the distribution of Nesogenes DC. from East Africa, Madagascar and the western Indian Ocean islands and southeastern Polynesia to Micronesia. The recently described family Nesogenaceae is regarded as belonging to the Chloanthaceae, a principally Australian family.

Micronesica 19 (1-2): 11-15, 1983.

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2. Ritter, P.L 1981. The Population of Kosrae at Contact. Micronesica. 17 (1 & 2): 11-28. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1981.

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The Population of Kosrae at Contact

Ritter, P.L

This paper focuses on the contact population of Kosrae, the easternmost island of the Caroline chain. The historical material concerning Kosrae is sufficient to allow a fairly careful evaluation of the contact population estimates. The most important source of information consists of the explorer Lütke's attempt to enumerate the adults of the various districts of the island. By determining and correcting for the likely errors in his count, it is possible to derive a range within which the contact population must have fallen. The results suggest that most estimates of the Kosraen population at contact tended to be low rather than high, and it appears that there was considerable depopulation in the thirty years between contact and the first missionary censuses. Nevertheless, Kosrae was sparsely populated in comparison to other similarly sized islands. This situation is partially explained by evidence that there was considerable depopulation shortly before European contact. This case illustrates that one cannot assume that any specific precontact Pacific population was characterized by either population equilibrium or a tendency toward an optimum size.

Micronesica 17 (1 & 2): 11-28, 1981.

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2. Vickery, V.R., D.K.McE. Kevan & M-L. English 1999. Insects of Micronesia Volume 5, no. 4 Gryllacridoidea, Rhaphidophorioidea and Tettigonioidea (Grylloptera). Micronesica. 32(1): 11-83.

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Insects of Micronesia Volume 5, no. 4 Gryllacridoidea, Rhaphidophorioidea and Tettigonioidea (Grylloptera)

Vickery, V.R., D.K.McE. Kevan & M-L. English

Fifty-three species in six families occur in Micronesia. Kevan (1987) listed forty-three species, 20 of which were given as new but undescribed. Kevan (1990) listed eight species as introduced, seven of which were on his previous list, plus Mecopoda elongata (Linnaeus). Seven new species were described in the Conocephalidae, Phisidini, by Jin & Kevan (1992). Eighteen additional new species and a subspecies are described in this paper, seventeen by Vickery & Kevan and one by English & Kevan, nine in the Gryllacrididae: Niphetogryllacris marianae, N. tolensis, Anancistrogera palauensis, Neanias ogasawarensis, Prosopogryllacris palauensis, P. chuukensis, Melaneremus marianae marianae, M. m. rotaensis, M. saiensis, and M. kosraensis; two in the Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophora ponapensis and Stonychophora palauensis; three in the Phaneropteridae: Casigneta palauensis, Isopsera yapanese and I. palauensis; one in the Mecopodidae: Ocica ponapensis English & Kevan; and three in the Conocephalidae: Spinisternum palauensis, Macroxiphus globiceratus and Salomona ponapensis. Nine species are added to the lists of Kevan (1987, 1990), including one described as new. Twenty-six species are known to be endemic in Micronesia.

Micronesica 32(1): 11-83, 1999.

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2. Jenson, L.M. & R.H. Miller 2001. Estimating Filth Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Development in Carrion in Guam. Micronesica. 34(1): 11-25. Date Revised/Accepted: 02 September 2000.

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Estimating Filth Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Development in Carrion in Guam

Jenson, L.M. & R.H. Miller

Developmental rates of Chrysomya megacephala (F.), Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), and Chrysomya nigripes Aubertin (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were estimated in each of two decomposing pig carcasses (Sus scrofa, L.) located in an open field and in a forest on Guam. Significant oviposition occurred within hours of death, and maggot mass formation was observed on both carcasses within the first 24 hr. C. rufifacies was the most common fly species collected near the carcasses, followed by C. megacephala. C. rufifacies was the only fly species reared from samples collected from the carcasses. Fly development rates in the carcass in the sunlit open field were higher than those in the carcass in the shaded forest area. In each habitat, a strong association between maggot length, air temperature, and degree-day accumulation was observed. No carrion beetles or other insect decomposers other than flies were observed. Decomposition on Guam proceeded from fresh bloat to complete skeletonization within a few days and lacked the intermediate steps characteristic of decomposition in more temperate climates. Forensic analysis of outdoor homicide crime scenes on Guam must therefore be completed soon after the time of death to yield useful entomological information. More detailed characterization of the development of forensically important species across an array of conditions is necessary to provide adequate analytical tools for law enforcement agencies in Guam and in Micronesia.

Micronesica 34(1): 11-25, 2001.

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2. Underwood, J.H 1973. Population History of Guam: Context of Microevolution. Micronesica. 9 (1): 11-44. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 July 1973.

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Population History of Guam: Context of Microevolution

Underwood, J.H

The status of population history studies in the Pacific has advanced materially in recent years, culminating in such significant publications as those by McArthur (1968), Schmitt (1968), Pool (1961 et seq.), Voisin (1962), and others. Notably, comparable advances have not been forthcoming from the Micronesian area. Thus, the earlier statement by Taeuber and Han (1950) concerning the state of demographic knowledge of this region is still pertinent, while modern investigations into the historical demography of Micronesia have scarcely begun. This situation represents a serious deficiency in the development of research in the microevolution of Micronesian populations, since physical anthropology has long since accepted the critical need for understanding the population matrix of evolutionary process (Cavalli-Sforza and Bodmer, 1971; Salzano et al., 1967; inter alia).

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 9 (1): 11-44, 1973.

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2. Beardsley, J.W 1993. Exotic Terrestrial Arthropods in the Hawaiian Islands: Origins and Impacts. Micronesica. Suppl. 4: 11-15. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1993.

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Exotic Terrestrial Arthropods in the Hawaiian Islands: Origins and Impacts

Beardsley, J.W

More than 98% of arthropod pests now present in the Hawaiian Islands were accidentally introduced by man, the majority since Hawaii was colonized by Europeans about 200 years ago. During the past 50 years, new exotic arthropods have become established at the rate of nearly 20 per year, including, on average, 3 new pests of economic significance. Major increases in the speed and volume of overseas air traffic have materially increased the rate of new pest introduction during the past 25 years. Many new potential pests arrive in Hawaii with no effective natural enemies. In such cases, initial population growth is often exponential, leading to major pest outbreaks ( e.g. Bactrocera dorsalis 1946-48, Nezara viridula 1962-64, Aleurodicus dispersus 1978-80, Heteropsylla cubana 1984-86). Most new pests in Hawaii have originated from North America, Asia and the south Pacific, but during the past 15 years new Neotropical pests have become noticeably more frequent (e.g. Aleurodicus dispersus, Heteropsylla cubana, Hypothenemus obscurus). Biological control usually is the tactic of first choice to combat new pests in Hawaii. Success has ranged from complete (A. dispersus) or substantial (N. viridula) to partial (B. dorsalis). For some introduced pests (e.g. Adoretus sinicus) attempts at biological control have been largely ineffective. Unless more effective quarantine measures can be implemented, a continuation of the present high rate of new pests establishment in Hawaii is likely.

Micronesica Suppl. 4: 11-15, 1993.

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2. Hunter-Anderson, R.L 2000. Ethnographic and archaeological investigations in the southwest islands of Palau. Micronesica. 33(1/2): 11-44. Date Revised/Accepted: 06 October 1999.

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Ethnographic and archaeological investigations in the southwest islands of Palau

Hunter-Anderson, R.L

Ethnographic and archaeological field work was conducted in 1992 at Tobi, Merir, Pulo Anna, Sonsorol, and Fana. At Tobi, documentation included profiling a wave-cut exposure of a ritual area mound near the landing on the western side of the island and retrieving a soil sample from the base of the mound for radiocarbon dating; locating and describing seventeen earth-oven refuse mounds and excavating a shovel trench into one of them, from which a charcoal sample was retrieved for radiocarbon dating; photographing artifacts observed on the ground surface and in private collections; recording information on traditional resource use at Tobi and nearby Helen Reef; and interviewing older Tobians living in Koror regarding traditional practices. A paleosediment core was taken at an inland taro patch.
At Merir, the surface features on the large residential mound near the landing on the west side of the island were sketched in plan and information recorded about the mound’s former uses; a shovel trench was excavated into the south flank of the mound, and a paleosediment core was taken at a small taro patch inland of the mound. Artifacts from the surface at the beach were photographed. At Pulo Anna, a shovel trench was excavated into a residential mound and charcoal samples collected for radiocarbon dating and a paleosediment core was taken at the margin of the large inland salt water pond. At Sonsorol, a chiefly meeting house site was mapped and probed; charcoal from the probe was collected for radiocarbon dating; Japanese World War II defensive features were observed and photographed; and historical information about Sonsorol and Fana was obtained. At Fana, several shovel probes were excavated in a midden area at the southern end of the island; soil from the base of one shovel probe was retrieved for radiocarbon dating; a Palauan pottery sherd was found at the base of this trench.
Information obtained in the field was compared with and interpreted in light of German and Japanese ethnographic reports from the early part of the 20th century. Our radiocarbon dating results indicate that the Southwest Islands cultures were established at least three hundred years ago and possibly as early as one thousand years before the present; more excavations are needed to establish the occupational sequence at each island.

A better understanding of coastal geomorphological processes and their relation to weather and currents in the Southwest Islands is also needed. Considering aged individuals’observations along with historical records, geomorphological, and archaeological data, can result in plausible reconstructions of the islands’ past environmental states. This information is crucial to sound planning for the management of the natural and cultural resources of these small islands.

Micronesica 33(1/2): 11-44, 2000.

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2. Tsuda, R.T 1976. Role of Benthic Algae in the Coral Reef Ecosystem: Introductory Remarks. Micronesica. 12 (1): 11-12. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1976.

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Role of Benthic Algae in the Coral Reef Ecosystem: Introductory Remarks

Tsuda, R.T

Past studies on benthic algae of tropical reefs have focused on the descriptive aspects. In recent years, there has been an increase in interdisciplinary studies whereby researchers in various disciplines have pooled their knowledge to better interpret certain aspects of reef function. Since the benthic algae are the primary producers on the reef and knowledge on this group is basic to other studies, emphasis has focused on the role of benthic algae in the coral reef ecosystem.
(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 12 (1): 11-12, 1976.

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2. Kumano, S 1979. Morphological Study of Nine Taxa of Bostrychia (Rhodophyta) from Southwestern Japan, Hong Kong and Guam. Micronesica. 15(1-2): 13-33. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 June 1979.

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Morphological Study of Nine Taxa of Bostrychia (Rhodophyta) from Southwestern Japan, Hong Kong and Guam

Kumano, S

The comparative morphology of nine taxa of the genus Bostrychia collected from Southwestern Japan, Hong Kong and Guam is presented. The number of pericentral cells of each central cell ranges from two to four among the taxa. The uppermost pericentral cell of taxa examined always contains two nuclei. The ftagellar haptera of Bostrychia tenuis f. simpliciuscula, B. hamana-tokidai, B. binderi, B. tenella and B. mixta consist of ventral and side pericentral cells. B. radicans, B. moritziana, B. kelanensis and Bostrychia sp. have hapteronous branches transformed from the ordinary branches. In some taxa, new buds are formed at tips of hapteronous branches. In B. radicans and B. moritziana an erect branch and a hapteronous branch are successively initiated from the main axis. Each tetrasporangium of the taxa examined is accompanied by a tetrasporangium mother cell linked by pit-connections with both a central cell and the lowermost cover cell.

Micronesica 15(1-2): 13-33, 1979.

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2. Meller, N 1972. The Congress of Micronesia A Unifying and Modernizing Force. Micronesica. 8 (1 & 2): 13-22. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 December 1972.

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The Congress of Micronesia A Unifying and Modernizing Force

Meller, N

In the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Congress of Micronesia (see Meller, 1969), only four years old, is today bringing a symbolic unity to a region of the earth joined solely by historical happenstance. As a representative of 93,000 peoples spread over an area greater than that of the United States, the Congress has become the interface of Micronesian irritation against American administrative policy and personnel, and its current demand for greater indigenous participation in the setting of policy for the Trust Territory may well eventuate in a decision severing all formal ties of subordination to the United States.

(This is the first paragraph. There is no abstract.)

Micronesica 8 (1 & 2): 13-22, 1972.

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2. McMakin, P.D 1978. The suruhanos: Traditional curers on the island of Guam. Micronesica. 14(1): 13-67. Date Revised/Accepted: 10 June 1978.

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The suruhanos: Traditional curers on the island of Guam

McMakin, P.D

Despite multiple phases of colonial heritage, the suruhanos have managed to pass down a relatively unique body of knowledge in the unwritten method of apprenticeship learning. A belief in Catholicism is the major crosscultural influence. The suruhanos have an extensive knowledge of the natural environment, as evidenced by the lists of medicinal plant remedies compiled in this report. Interaction with the physicalbiotic environment involves a rapport with the taotaomona or spirits of the island's ancient inhabitants. The suruhano concept of disease is characterized by a belief that illness results from either spirit causes or natural causes. In either case, an integrated system of curing is typical of most suruhanos. Through a comparison of the techniques of several main informants, it was found that, despite individual preferences, the suruhano method of curing involves medicinal plants, mystical body lotions, dietary advice, massage and a curing power. Patients believe the power of the suruhano to be the only method of dealing with many illnesses and currently find it still adaptive to maintain a choice of utilizing the services of either a traditional curer or Western physician. A competitive nature and isolationist personality lends an air of mystique to their presence and they are highly respected members of the community. They instill confidence in their patients as a naming process identifies illness, relieves patient anxiety, and enables patients to generate their own healing resources. The suruhanos possess natural psychotherapeutic abilities in addition to the indeterminate functional effects of the plant medicines and massage technique.

Micronesica 14(1): 13-67, 1978.

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2. Tsuda, R.T., J.R. Fisher & P.S. Vroom 2012. Floristic Account of the Marine Benthic Algae from Jarvis Island and Kingman Reef, Line Islands, Central Pacific. Micronesica. 43(1): 14-50. Date Revised/Accepted: 02 June 2011.

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Floristic Account of the Marine Benthic Algae from Jarvis Island and Kingman Reef, Line Islands, Central Pacific

Tsuda, R.T., J.R. Fisher & P.S. Vroom

The marine benthic algae from Jarvis Island and Kingman Reef were identified from collections obtained from the Whippoorwill Expedition in 1924, the Itasca Expedition in 1935, the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Taney in 1938, the Smithsonian Institution’s Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program in 1964 and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004 and 2006. A total of 124 species, representing 8 Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), 82 Rhodophyta (red algae), 6 Heterokontophyta (brown algae) and 28 Chlorophyta (green algae), are reported from both islands. Seventy-nine and 95 species of marine benthic algae are recorded from Jarvis Island and Kingman Reef, respectively. Of the 124 species, 77 species or 62% (4 blue-green algae, 57 red algae, 2 brown algae and 14 green algae) have never before been reported from the 11 remote reefs, atolls and low islands comprising the Line Islands in the Central Pacific.

Micronesica 43(1): 14-50, 2012.

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2. Kent, D.I. & J.B. Marliave 1997. Early Life History of the Arrow Goby, Clevelandia ios (Jordan & Gilbert) , Gobiidae. Micronesica. 30(1): 15-23. Date Revised/Accepted: 01 January 1997.

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Early Life History of the Arrow Goby, Clevelandia ios (Jordan & Gilbert) , Gobiidae

Kent, D.I. & J.B. Marliave

The arrow goby, Clevelandia ios, hatches over estuarine mud flats and remains entrained in shallow water until after caudal fin formation, when schooling behavior commences in the extreme nearshore. All larval stages are illustrated. Settlement is preceded by fusion of the pelvic fins and coincides with pigment pattern development, whereas burrow entry correlates most closely with completion of pigment pattern development. Laboratory tests indicate an experience component to latency times in burrow entry. Juveniles prefer sand substrate, but no preference for presence of burrows or ghost shrimp (Callianassa californiensis) in substrates was evident.

Micronesica 30(1): 15-23, 1997.

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2. Lofdahl, K.L. & C. Young 2004. Allozyme Differentiation Correlated with Host-Plant Use in the Pantropical Species, Drosophila ananassae. Micronesica. 37(1): 15-20. Date Revised/Accepted: 12 June 2002.

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Allozyme Differentiation Correlated with Host-Plant Use in the Pantropical Species, Drosophila ananassae

Lofdahl, K.L. & C. Young

Populations of the pantropical species, Drosophila ananassae, were reared from a variety of temperate and tropical fruits on the island of Guam and genotyped at three allozyme loci [malate dehydrogenase (MDH-1), malic enzyme (ME), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)]. Significant differentiation was found in both MDH-1 and IDH allele frequencies between populations breeding on the fruit of the cucumber tree (Averrhoa bilimbi) versus all other fruits tested [including starfruit (Averrhoa carambola)]. Genotype frequencies for these two enzymes deviated strongly from Hardy-Weinberg frequencies. This suggests possible population subdivision along host-plant lines in sympatric populations of this widely-distributed Drosophila species.

Micronesica 37(1): 15-20, 2004.

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